भालसरिक गाछ/ विदेह- इन्टरनेट (अंतर्जाल) पर मैथिलीक पहिल उपस्थिति

भालसरिक गाछ/ विदेह- इन्टरनेट (अंतर्जाल) पर मैथिलीक पहिल उपस्थिति

(c) २०००-२०२२ सर्वाधिकार सुरक्षित। विदेहमे प्रकाशित सभटा रचना आ आर्काइवक सर्वाधिकार रचनाकार आ संग्रहकर्त्ताक लगमे छन्हि।  भालसरिक गाछ जे सन २००० सँ याहूसिटीजपर छल http://www.geocities.com/.../bhalsarik_gachh.html , http://www.geocities.com/ggajendra   आदि लिंकपर  आ अखनो ५ जुलाइ २००४ क पोस्ट http://gajendrathakur.blogspot.com/2004/07/bhalsarik-gachh.html   (किछु दिन लेल http://videha.com/2004/07/bhalsarik-gachh.html   लिंकपर, स्रोत wayback machine of https://web.archive.org/web/*/videha   258 capture(s) from 2004 to 2016- http://videha.com/  भालसरिक गाछ-प्रथम मैथिली ब्लॉग / मैथिली ब्लॉगक एग्रीगेटर) केर रूपमे इन्टरनेटपर  मैथिलीक प्राचीनतम उपस्थितक रूपमे विद्यमान अछि। ई मैथिलीक पहिल इंटरनेट पत्रिका थिक जकर नाम बादमे १ जनवरी २००८ सँ "विदेह" पड़लै। इंटरनेटपर मैथिलीक पहिल उपस्थितिक यात्रा विदेह- प्रथम मैथिली पाक्षिक ई पत्रिका धरि पहुँचल अछि, जे http://www.videha.co.in/   पर ई प्रकाशित होइत अछि। आब “भालसरिक गाछ” जालवृत्त 'विदेह' ई-पत्रिकाक प्रवक्ताक संग मैथिली भाषाक जालवृत्तक एग्रीगेटरक रूपमे प्रयुक्त भऽ रहल अछि। विदेह ई-पत्रिका ISSN 2229-547X VIDEHA

 

(c)२०००-२०२२. सर्वाधिकार लेखकाधीन आ जतऽ लेखकक नाम नै अछि ततऽ संपादकाधीन। विदेह- प्रथम मैथिली पाक्षिक ई-पत्रिका ISSN 2229-547X VIDEHA सम्पादक: गजेन्द्र ठाकुर। सह-सम्पादक: डॉ उमेश मंडल। सहायक सम्पादक: राम वि‍लास साहु, नन्द विलास राय, सन्दीप कुमार साफी आ मुन्नाजी (मनोज कुमार कर्ण)। सम्पादक- नाटक-रंगमंच-चलचित्र- बेचन ठाकुर। सम्पादक- सूचना-सम्पर्क-समाद- पूनम मंडल। सम्पादक -स्त्री कोना- इरा मल्लिक।

रचनाकार अपन मौलिक आ अप्रकाशित रचना (जकर मौलिकताक संपूर्ण उत्तरदायित्व लेखक गणक मध्य छन्हि) editorial.staff.videha@gmail.com केँ मेल अटैचमेण्टक रूपमेँ .doc, .docx, .rtf वा .txt फॉर्मेटमे पठा सकै छथि। एतऽ प्रकाशित रचना सभक कॉपीराइट लेखक/संग्रहकर्त्ता लोकनिक लगमे रहतन्हि,'विदेह' प्रथम मैथिली पाक्षिक ई पत्रिका मात्र एकर प्रथम प्रकाशनक/ प्रिंट-वेब आर्काइवक/ आर्काइवक अनुवादक आ आर्काइवक ई-प्रकाशन/ प्रिंट-प्रकाशनक अधिकार ऐ ई-पत्रिकाकेँ छै, आ से हानि-लाभ रहित आधारपर छै आ तैँ ऐ लेल कोनो रॊयल्टीक/ पारिश्रमिकक प्रावधान नै छै। तेँ रॉयल्टीक/ पारिश्रमिकक इच्छुक विदेहसँ नै जुड़थि, से आग्रह। रचनाक संग रचनाकार अपन संक्षिप्त परिचय आ अपन स्कैन कएल गेल फोटो पठेताह, से आशा करैत छी। रचनाक अंतमे टाइप रहय, जे ई रचना मौलिक अछि, आ पहिल प्रकाशनक हेतु विदेह (पाक्षिक) ई पत्रिकाकेँ देल जा रहल अछि। मेल प्राप्त होयबाक बाद यथासंभव शीघ्र ( सात दिनक भीतर) एकर प्रकाशनक अंकक सूचना देल जायत।  एहि ई पत्रिकाकेँ श्रीमति लक्ष्मी ठाकुर द्वारा मासक ०१ आ १५ तिथिकेँ ई प्रकाशित कएल जाइत अछि।

स्थायी स्तम्भ जेना मिथिला-रत्न, मिथिलाक खोज, विदेह पेटार आ सूचना-संपर्क-अन्वेषण सभ अंकमे समान अछि, ताहि हेतु ई सभ स्तम्भ सभ अंकमे नइ देल जाइत अछि, ई सभ स्तम्भ देखबा लेल क्लिक करू नीचाँ देल विदेहक 346म आ 347 म अंक, ऐ दुनू अंकमे सम्मिलित रूपेँ ई सभ स्तम्भ देल गेल अछि।

“विदेह” ई-पत्रिका: देवनागरी वर्सन

“विदेह” ई-पत्रिका: मिथिलाक्षर वर्सन

“विदेह” ई-पत्रिका: मैथिली-IPA वर्सन

“विदेह” ई-पत्रिका: मैथिली-ब्रेल वर्सन

 VIDEHA_346

 VIDEHA_346_Tirhuta

 VIDEHA_346_IPA

 VIDEHA_346_Braille

 VIDEHA_347

 VIDEHA_347_Tirhuta

 VIDEHA_347_IPA

 VIDEHA_347_Braille

 

VIDEHA:5:2:मैथिली : विदेह: पहिल बेर ब्रेलमे

 

99. ⠉⠇⠗⠅⠄⠌ ⠎⠻⠨⠱⠃⠓

⠽⠉ ⠅⠱⠅⠱ ⠡⠻ ⠐⠗⠓⠱⠌ ⠨⠱⠾⠅⠄⠌, ⠮⠇⠅ड़⠻ ⠅⠻⠳⠅ ⠃⠝⠌⠝⠄, ⠨⠇⠇⠻ ⠝⠄⠧⠱ड़ ⠖⠄⠗ ⠣⠇⠗⠻⠅⠄⠌,

⠃⠝⠱⠥ ⠨⠱⠾ ⠖⠄⠗ ⠝⠧⠻⠝⠄⠲ ⠅⠓⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻ ⠅⠱⠅⠱ ⠞⠨⠝ ⠚⠄ ⠓⠉, ⠙⠄⠨⠓ ⠂⠽⠞ ⠗⠱⠞⠻⠍⠄ ⠚⠄ ⠉⠇⠗, ⠏⠾⠅⠞ ⠇⠱⠺⠻ ⠨⠱⠾ ⠏⠗ ⠂’ ⠉⠇⠾ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠇⠱⠛⠞ ⠍⠇⠗⠲

⠏⠗⠈⠒⠉ ⠅⠱⠅⠱ ⠚⠉⠌ ⠌’ ⠉⠇⠃⠽, ⠇⠱⠺⠻ ⠝⠻⠉⠱⠌ ⠃⠱⠾⠄, ⠧⠱⠓ ⠃⠄⠾⠱ ⠅⠓⠻ ⠙⠻⠓⠓ ⠉⠇⠗⠅⠄⠌, ⠊ ⠛⠏ ⠞⠇⠓⠻⠌ ⠚⠱ ⠅⠽⠲

 

 

100. ⠅⠱⠈⠇⠓⠻

⠘⠇⠗⠄ ⠔⠺⠻ ऑ⠖⠻⠎ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠡⠻, ⠂’ ⠎⠱⠌⠴ ⠣⠂⠗⠻ ⠨⠱⠽ ⠎⠂⠞⠅⠞ ⠡⠻⠲ ⠅⠞⠄⠅ ⠗⠱⠎ ⠅⠱⠚ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠡⠂⠾⠅⠞, ⠐⠗⠝⠺⠱⠃⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠎⠅⠱⠜⠞ ⠍⠇⠝ ⠍⠎⠇⠎⠅⠞⠲ ⠚⠨⠝ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠡⠻ ⠉⠂⠈⠾⠾⠻⠍⠄ ⠛⠱⠍, ⠂⠈⠞⠍⠍⠊⠹⠝⠅ ⠘⠄⠾⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠧⠻⠗⠱⠍⠲ ⠏⠃⠅⠞ ⠡⠻ ⠐⠻⠄⠗ ⠗⠱⠎ ⠔⠏⠗⠱⠛, ⠞⠨⠝ ⠃⠝⠃⠅⠞ ⠡⠻ ⠳⠅⠾⠱ ⠈⠏⠗⠇⠈⠛⠗⠱⠍⠲ ⠅⠱⠛⠚⠅ ⠏⠈⠝⠝⠱ ⠏⠗ ⠝⠧ ⠗⠱⠛, ⠧⠻⠇⠈⠍⠃⠅ ⠃⠱⠙⠅ ⠓⠍⠙⠽⠅ ⠎⠊⠈⠛⠗⠱⠍⠲ ⠉⠇⠅⠞ ⠡⠇ ⠃⠻⠝⠱ ⠞⠱⠗⠞⠈⠍⠽⠅, ⠃⠻⠝⠱ ⠔⠈⠙⠙⠄⠈⠩⠽⠅-⠧⠻⠮⠄⠽⠅⠲ ⠅⠝⠄⠅ ⠎⠇⠉⠻ ⠇⠄⠇, ⠡⠂⠈⠾⠾⠻⠍⠄ ⠚⠱⠽ ⠛⠱⠍⠲ ⠧⠻⠇⠈⠍⠃⠅ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠅⠇⠝⠇ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝, ⠖⠂⠈⠗⠞⠻⠛⠗, ⠎⠱⠅⠱⠊⠈⠅⠯ ⠘⠄⠇⠓⠂⠌ ⠂⠜, ⠚⠄ ⠎⠇⠉⠇ ⠅⠳⠇, ⠝⠻⠞ ⠉⠇⠇, ⠚⠻⠧⠝⠅ ⠎⠂⠗ ⠘⠄⠾⠇ ⠂⠃ ⠚⠱⠽⠲

101. ⠍⠇⠝ ⠏⠱ड़⠅⠞

⠍⠇⠝ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠏ड़⠻ ⠗⠓⠇, ⠏⠱ड़⠻ ⠗⠓⠇ ⠡⠻ ⠍⠇⠝⠲

⠇⠻⠨⠝⠱ ⠅ड़⠉⠻ ⠅⠇⠍⠎⠌ ⠇⠻⠨⠅⠞, ⠖⠄⠗ ⠖⠱⠔⠈⠝⠾⠄⠝ ⠏⠄⠝⠅ ⠝⠻⠃⠍⠄ ⠃⠱⠈⠝⠓⠻ ⠞⠱⠛, ⠡⠇⠓⠂⠌ ⠇⠻⠨⠱⠜⠅⠄⠌ ⠍⠇⠾⠃⠅⠞,

⠍⠱⠈⠎⠾⠗ ⠎⠱⠓⠃ ⠘’ ⠚⠱⠜⠹ ⠅⠝⠈⠖⠽⠃⠚⠲

⠅⠄⠇⠓⠂⠌ ⠐⠗⠏⠝⠄ ⠐⠗⠏⠅⠱⠗ ⠺⠱⠐⠻⠄-⠺⠱⠐⠻, ⠐⠗⠈⠅⠯⠗ ⠐⠗⠨⠝⠇ ⠓⠍⠗ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠎⠂⠛⠐⠻⠲

⠖⠄⠗ ⠍⠇⠝ ⠏⠱ड़⠅⠞ ⠡⠻, ⠙⠻⠝⠍⠄ ⠃⠉⠂⠜⠞ ⠗⠓⠻, ⠅⠇⠍⠍⠄ ⠃⠱⠌⠴⠻ ⠞⠅⠅⠞, ⠙⠇⠎⠗ ⠺⠱⠐⠻⠻ ⠞⠇ड़⠝⠄ ⠏ड़⠅⠞ ⠡⠇, ⠃⠂⠗⠃⠅ ⠓⠇⠽⠃⠱⠅ ⠎⠊⠈⠚⠒⠱, ⠊⠓⠇ ⠡⠻ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠃⠂⠴⠅⠞, ⠍⠇⠚⠗ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠞⠌ ⠨⠅⠞⠓⠂⠌ ⠂⠍, ⠐⠗⠛⠻⠇⠱ ⠎⠱⠇⠲ ⠃⠱⠌⠴⠻⠍⠄ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠅⠇⠝⠇ ⠂⠎, ⠣⠃⠗⠍⠄ ⠓⠇⠜⠡ ⠍⠱⠈⠞⠗ ⠅⠱⠚⠲ ⠖⠄⠗ ⠡⠄ ⠏⠱ड़⠅⠞, ⠐⠗⠊⠫⠻⠅ ⠃⠻⠽⠱ ⠃⠻⠡⠃, ⠏⠄⠗⠱⠜ ⠅⠾⠃⠱⠽ ⠐⠗⠝⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠓⠂⠌ ⠞⠄⠇, ⠌⠓⠻⠍⠄ ⠡⠝⠇ ⠞⠻⠇⠅⠇ड़⠅ ⠈⠎⠧⠱⠙, ⠗⠱⠚⠮⠱⠝⠻⠅ ⠩⠄⠖⠅⠄⠌ ⠅⠗⠅⠡ ⠍⠱⠞⠲

⠞⠄⠇⠅ ⠅⠍⠻⠎⠌ ⠘⠘⠅⠅⠞ ⠅⠃⠜⠅ ⠈⠎⠧⠱⠙, ’⠅⠻ ⠝⠻⠅ ⠃⠝⠇’ ⠅⠄⠗ ⠍⠻⠈⠹⠽⠱⠧⠱⠙⠲ ⠍⠓⠻⠝⠱⠍⠄ ⠂⠮ ⠅⠻⠇⠇ ⠅⠗⠃ ⠞⠄⠇⠅ ⠨⠈⠗⠉, ⠘’ ⠚⠱⠽⠞ ⠳⠅ ⠅⠻⠇⠇, ⠏⠱⠜⠅ ⠍⠱⠈⠩⠉⠈⠗⠚⠲ ⠅⠊⠚⠃⠎⠻ ⠝⠓⠻, ⠚⠃⠗⠙⠈⠎⠞⠻ ⠺⠃⠎⠻⠲ ⠍⠇⠝ ⠏⠱ड़⠅⠞ ⠡⠻ ⠮⠱⠝⠅ ⠨⠄⠞,⠴⠻⠈⠇⠇⠻ ⠅⠉⠉ड़⠻, ⠇⠇⠐⠻⠅⠞  ⠅⠱⠾⠇ ⠮⠱⠝⠅ ⠴⠈⠾⠺⠱, ⠌⠓⠻ ⠃⠻⠡⠇ ⠩⠻⠎⠅ ⠏⠱⠜⠎⠌ ⠅⠻⠝⠇ ⠇⠱⠇⠡ड़⠻⠲ ‘⠚⠅⠗⠄ ⠝⠱⠍ ⠇⠱⠇ ⠡ड़⠻’ ⠂’ ⠎⠞⠣⠗⠻⠽⠱⠅ ⠨⠄⠇,

⠂⠍⠅ ⠚⠱⠃⠻, ⠃⠊⠩⠻⠎⠌ ⠍⠱⠗⠅⠞ ⠍⠱⠡, ⠨⠂⠗⠉⠝⠎⠌ ⠎⠇⠓⠅⠞ ⠂⠍ ⠅⠱⠌⠉⠲ ⠉⠃⠝⠅ ⠎⠊⠛ ⠅⠱⠌⠉ ⠂⠍⠅ ⠍⠻⠺ ⠈⠎⠧⠱⠙, ⠃⠫⠅⠱ ⠙⠇⠱⠝, ⠙⠱⠔⠝, ⠃⠱⠐⠻⠻⠅ ⠏⠱⠝⠻ ⠎⠌ ⠫⠃⠃⠇ ⠩⠻⠎ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠨⠨ड़⠻,

⠮⠱⠝⠍⠄ ⠍⠻⠇⠱ ⠙⠄⠇⠱ ⠏⠗ ⠏⠅ड़⠅⠞ ⠡⠇ ⠅⠂⠈⠒⠚ड़⠝⠻⠲

⠘⠅⠗⠧ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝⠅ ⠅⠱⠌⠉ ⠃⠅⠗⠅ ⠈⠎⠧⠱⠙, ⠃⠻⠙⠄⠎⠗⠅ ⠗⠧⠻ ⠙⠻⠝⠅ ⠃⠃⠴⠇, ⠖⠃⠇_⠇⠇⠾⠅⠻⠎⠌ ⠃⠻⠙⠄⠎⠗ ⠏⠃⠚⠇⠲ ⠉⠃ड़⠱ ⠇⠽ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠗⠓⠻ ⠛⠱⠍⠎⠌, ⠙⠓⠻-⠚⠻⠇⠄⠃⠻ ⠅⠻⠝⠻ ⠣⠂⠗⠅⠞ ⠘⠇⠚⠝ ⠅⠽⠲

⠚⠍⠃⠇⠝⠻⠅ ⠃⠝⠎⠂⠏⠱⠗⠻⠅ ⠈⠎⠧⠱⠙, ⠏⠂⠗⠝⠱⠓⠱⠅ ⠮⠱⠞⠗⠻⠍⠅ ⠛⠱⠡⠲ ⠎⠱⠓⠗ ⠙⠱⠞⠍⠝⠻⠅ ⠎⠇⠴ ⠝⠻⠅ ⠡ड़, ⠚⠄ ⠐⠗⠝⠅⠡ ⠡⠻ ⠃⠂⠮⠻⠽⠱⠗⠻ ⠞⠅ड़⠲

⠞⠻⠈⠞⠞⠻ ⠨⠄⠇⠱⠜⠞ ⠃⠱⠇, ⠛⠂⠈⠇⠇⠻ ⠫⠊⠾⠱, ⠛⠇⠇⠻⠅ ⠨⠄⠇, ⠐⠗⠨⠗⠱⠓⠱⠅ ⠴⠍⠄⠇⠲ ⠓⠂⠈⠅⠅⠱ ⠇⠇⠇⠻⠅ ⠃⠱⠌⠎⠅ ⠅⠝⠎⠂⠏⠞⠻, ⠖⠄⠗ ⠅⠏ड़⠱⠅ ⠛⠄⠝⠻ ⠍⠾⠻⠽⠱⠞⠄⠇⠍⠄ ⠫⠂⠃⠱⠽,

⠡⠇⠓⠂⠌ ⠗⠓⠇ ⠚⠗⠱⠽⠲ ⠡⠺⠻⠅ ⠘⠇⠗⠍⠄ ⠖⠾⠈⠅⠅⠱ ⠖⠇ड़⠇, ⠚⠃ड़⠻⠩⠻⠞⠇⠅ ⠮⠂⠗⠨⠄⠇ ⠨⠄⠇⠄⠇⠲

⠂⠽⠇ ⠃⠱⠐⠻⠻ ⠙⠂⠈⠗⠘⠻⠈⠅⠯, ⠡⠇ड़⠇ ⠛⠱⠍ ⠽⠉ ⠍⠻⠈⠞⠗⠲ ⠍⠇⠝ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠏ड़⠅⠡,⠡⠻ ⠏⠱ड़⠅⠞, ⠃⠅⠎⠻ ⠃⠅⠎⠻ ⠃⠅⠎⠻⠲

 6. ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞ ⠩⠻⠈⠅⠯⠱ (⠂⠌⠛⠱)

⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞ ⠅⠹⠱

⠛⠊⠛⠱⠞⠻⠗⠄ ⠳⠅⠠ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠎⠈⠚⠚⠝⠠⠲ ⠎⠈⠗⠧⠙⠱ ⠏⠗⠇⠏⠅⠱⠗⠈⠍ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻⠲ ⠙⠽⠱⠇⠂⠠ ⠐⠗⠏⠻ ⠂⠎⠻⠞⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠽⠠ ⠅⠇⠏⠻ ⠂⠛⠈⠞⠽ ⠎⠓⠱⠈⠽⠽⠍ ⠏⠍⠈⠉⠡⠞⠄⠞ ⠎⠠ ⠏⠗⠇⠏⠅⠱⠗⠍ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻⠲ ⠳⠅⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠠ ⠂⠛⠈⠞⠽ ⠅⠻⠍⠏⠻ ⠏⠍⠈⠉⠡⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠎⠓⠱⠽⠈⠍ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻⠲ ⠳⠅⠙⠱ ⠎⠠ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠠ ⠈⠎⠝⠱⠝⠱⠈⠗⠹⠈⠍ ⠛⠊⠛⠱⠊ ⠝⠙⠻⠊ ⠛⠈⠉⠡⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠛⠊⠛⠱ ⠝⠈⠙⠽⠱⠍ ⠐⠗⠧⠞⠗⠞⠻⠲ ⠈⠎⠝⠱⠝⠊ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠙⠱ ⠈⠏⠗⠧⠱⠓⠄ ⠳⠅⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠠ ⠂⠛⠈⠉⠡⠞⠻⠲ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠈⠎⠽ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠠ ⠙⠊⠩⠝⠈⠍⠲ ⠙⠂⠈⠯⠾ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠠⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠠ ⠞⠈⠞⠗ ⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠎⠍⠻⠏⠈⠍ ⠂⠛⠈⠉⠡⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠙⠱ ⠎⠠ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠠ ⠗⠈⠅⠯⠼⠻⠽⠠ ⠜⠞⠻ ⠉⠻⠈⠝⠞⠽⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠎⠱⠮⠂ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠊ ⠛⠍⠈⠓⠼⠱⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠠ ⠃⠓⠂⠧⠱⠗⠊ ⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠓⠈⠎⠞⠊ ⠙⠩⠞⠻⠲ ⠳⠅⠧⠱⠗⠊ ⠎⠠ ⠈⠞⠽⠚⠞⠻, ⠏⠂⠝⠠ ⠙⠩⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠂⠝⠠ ⠛⠍⠈⠓⠼⠱⠞⠻, ⠏⠂⠝⠠ ⠙⠩⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠹⠱⠏⠻ ⠎⠠ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠊ ⠝ ⠈⠞⠽⠚⠞⠻⠲⠎⠈⠍⠽⠈⠅ ⠛⠍⠈⠓⠼⠱⠞⠻⠲ ⠐⠗⠈⠞⠗ ⠞⠾⠈⠍ ⠂⠝⠽⠞⠂⠊ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠈⠞⠝⠊ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠊ ⠈⠞⠽⠚⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠂⠝⠠ ⠉⠻⠊⠞⠽⠞⠻- ⠳⠯⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠠ ⠗⠈⠅⠯⠼⠻⠽⠠ ⠜⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠊ ⠏⠂⠝⠠ ⠛⠍⠈⠓⠼⠱⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠱⠧⠮⠱⠝⠊ ⠝⠙⠻⠞⠾⠈⠍ ⠂⠝⠽⠄⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠈⠞⠗ ⠳⠅⠠ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠠ ⠎⠈⠗⠧⠊ ⠏⠈⠩⠽⠈⠝ ⠘⠧⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠊ ⠅⠻⠊ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻⠲ ⠜⠞⠻ ⠏⠈⠩⠽⠈⠝ ⠘⠧⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠙⠱ ⠎⠠ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠠ ⠏⠍⠈⠉⠡⠞⠻⠲ ⠘⠇⠠⠲ ⠅⠻⠍⠈⠗⠹⠊ ⠧⠍⠈⠩⠉⠻⠅⠊ ⠗⠈⠅⠯⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠙⠩⠞⠻ ⠅⠻⠇⠲ ⠜⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠙⠱ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠠ ⠧⠙⠞⠻⠲ ⠘⠇⠠⠲ ⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠠ ⠎⠠⠲ ⠙⠂⠈⠯⠾⠠ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠠⠲ ⠍⠈⠍ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠠ ⠏⠗⠇⠏⠅⠱⠗⠠⠲ ⠈⠅⠯⠂⠈⠙⠗⠠ ⠚⠊⠞⠂⠠ ⠎⠠ ⠽⠹⠱ ⠎⠠ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠊ ⠝ ⠈⠞⠽⠚⠞⠻ ⠞⠹⠱ ⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠍⠝⠂⠈⠯⠽⠠⠲ ⠍⠈⠍ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠊  ⠅⠹⠊ ⠈⠞⠽⠚⠞⠻⠲ ⠜⠞⠻ ⠎⠠ ⠎⠱⠮⠂⠠ ⠞⠍ ⠧⠙⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠈⠚⠚⠝⠈⠎⠽ ⠈⠎⠧⠘⠱⠧⠠ ⠅⠻⠙⠍⠩⠠ ⠘⠧⠞⠻ ⠅⠻⠇⠲

⠅⠹⠱⠽⠱⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠗⠹⠠ ⠈⠚⠒⠱⠞⠠ ⠨⠇⠂⠲ ⠈⠚⠒⠱⠞⠠⠲

⠎⠂⠘⠱⠯⠻⠞⠈⠍

⠝⠱⠘⠻⠯⠄⠅⠇ ⠝ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠱⠗⠠ ⠎⠻⠊⠓⠈⠎⠽ ⠈⠅⠗⠻⠽⠞⠄ ⠧⠝⠄⠲ ⠧⠻⠈⠅⠗⠍⠱⠈⠗⠚⠻⠞ ⠎⠈⠞⠈⠞⠧⠈⠎⠽ ⠈⠎⠧⠽⠍⠄⠧ ⠍⠍⠛⠄⠈⠝⠈⠙⠗⠞⠱⠲

⠧⠽⠊ ⠜⠙⠱⠝⠻⠊ ⠽⠈⠞ ⠎⠂⠘⠱⠯⠻⠞⠊ ⠈⠩⠗⠂⠞⠧⠊⠞⠠  ⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠎⠂⠘⠱⠯⠻⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠐⠗⠈⠗⠹⠠ ⠳⠧⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠻⠊⠓⠠ ⠧⠝⠗⠱⠚⠠ ⠜⠞⠻ ⠈⠏⠗⠎⠻⠈⠙⠮⠠⠲ ⠅⠻⠈⠝⠞⠂ ⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠅⠇⠏⠻ ⠐⠗⠘⠻⠯⠄⠅⠊ ⠝ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠂⠲ ⠅⠻⠍⠏⠻ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠱⠗⠊ ⠝ ⠙⠙⠱⠞⠻⠲ ⠞⠹⠱⠏⠻ ⠎⠠ ⠧⠝⠗⠱⠚⠠⠲ ⠅⠹⠊ ⠎⠠ ⠈⠎⠧⠎⠱⠍⠈⠗⠹⠽⠄⠝ ⠳⠧ ⠈⠎⠧ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠈⠞⠝⠄⠈⠝ ⠳⠧ ⠧⠝⠈⠎⠽ ⠂⠮⠻⠏⠈⠞⠽⠊ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠈⠏⠝⠇⠞⠻⠲ ⠳⠧⠍⠄⠧ ⠎⠱⠍⠈⠗⠈⠹⠽⠧⠱⠈⠝ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠠  ⠈⠎⠧⠈⠎⠽ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠈⠞⠝⠄⠝ ⠳⠧ ⠐⠗⠈⠞⠽⠈⠝⠞⠊ ⠏⠙⠊ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠈⠏⠞⠂⠍ ⠩⠈⠅⠝⠇⠞⠻⠲

 

⠏⠈⠙⠽ ( ⠛⠚⠄⠈⠝⠈⠙⠗ ⠺⠱⠅⠂⠗)

⠉⠾⠅⠱ ⠉⠈⠒⠉⠞⠻ ⠝⠍⠈⠞⠽⠞⠻ ⠔⠈⠫⠫⠽⠞⠻ ⠂⠅⠱⠩⠄⠲ ⠗⠉⠽⠞⠻ ⠝⠻⠫⠊ ⠉⠾⠅⠱ ⠧⠍⠈⠅⠯⠄  ⠂⠅⠱⠩⠄⠲

⠝⠛⠗⠊ ⠈⠛⠗⠱⠍⠊ ⠈⠅⠯⠄⠈⠞⠗⠊ ⠈⠘⠗⠍⠞⠻ ⠉⠾⠅⠱ ⠂⠅⠱⠩⠄⠲ ⠂⠓⠱⠗⠊ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠈⠏⠝⠇⠞⠻ ⠂⠛⠈⠉⠡⠞⠻ ⠎⠱⠽⠊ ⠙⠍⠈⠩⠾⠧⠱, ⠝ ⠅⠇⠇⠱⠓⠇⠊ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻ ⠛⠱⠽⠞⠻ ⠎⠱ ⠉⠾⠅⠱⠲

⠅⠇⠓⠠ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻ ⠝ ⠉⠾⠅⠱ ⠞⠈⠞⠗ ⠍⠈⠮⠽⠄ ⠂⠅⠱⠩⠄, ⠅⠇⠓⠠ ⠝ ⠅⠗⠇⠞⠻ ⠉⠾⠅⠱ ⠉ ⠈⠅⠯⠄⠈⠞⠗⠄ ⠛⠍⠓ ⠍⠈⠮⠽⠄⠲

 

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⠝⠍⠇⠝⠍⠠⠲ ⠘⠧⠞⠱⠊ ⠎⠈⠗⠧⠄⠯⠱⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠏⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠱⠛⠞⠈⠍⠲

⠚⠇⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲

⠅⠱⠖⠻ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲

⠍⠱⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲

⠉⠱⠽⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲

⠍⠱⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲ ⠍⠱⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲ ⠏⠈⠗⠽⠱⠈⠏⠞⠠⠲

⠅⠻⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠚⠇⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲

⠅⠻⠊⠉⠻⠈⠞ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲

⠂⠈⠍⠲

⠏⠂⠝⠠ ⠅⠻⠊⠉⠻⠈⠞ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠮⠝⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠉⠱⠅⠇⠄⠓⠠ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠠⠲ ⠍⠻⠈⠯⠾⠱⠈⠝⠝⠈⠍ ⠍⠮⠂⠗⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠩⠻⠈⠅⠯⠼⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠍⠱⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞⠈⠍ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠊ ⠧⠱⠲ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠞⠱⠫⠝⠊ ⠍⠱⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲ ⠧⠈⠎⠈⠞⠗⠊ ⠮⠝⠊ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠈⠙⠧⠄⠯⠠ ⠅⠇⠇⠱⠓⠇⠠ ⠍⠱⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲ ⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠘⠧⠞⠠ ⠽⠂⠞⠅⠊ ⠙⠙⠱⠍⠻⠲ ⠎⠈⠗⠧⠄ ⠧⠙⠊⠞⠂⠲ ⠉⠞⠂⠈⠗⠧⠄⠙⠈⠎⠽ ⠽⠂⠞⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠘⠧⠱⠝ ⠽⠂⠞⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠍⠍ ⠽⠂⠞⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠧⠙⠞⠂⠲ ⠘⠧⠞⠠ ⠽⠂⠞⠅⠈⠍⠲ ⠘⠧⠞⠠ ⠝⠱⠎⠻⠅⠱⠲ ⠎⠍⠻⠉⠻⠝⠈⠍⠲ ⠎⠂⠝⠻⠞⠄⠲ ⠘⠧⠞⠻ ⠂⠛⠈⠉⠡⠞⠂⠲ ⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠘⠧⠈⠞⠽⠱⠠ ⠂⠘⠃⠯⠼⠊ ⠧⠙⠱⠍⠻⠲ ⠘⠧⠞⠻ ⠍⠈⠍ ⠂⠘⠃⠯⠼⠊ ⠧⠙⠞⠂⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠ ⠎⠂⠝⠻⠞⠱⠽⠱⠠ ⠂⠘⠃⠯⠼⠈⠍ ⠜⠞⠻ ⠧⠙⠈⠝⠞⠂⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠞⠽⠱⠠ ⠣⠾⠻⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠞⠽⠱⠠ ⠅⠄⠩⠠⠲ ⠎⠱⠮⠂-⠎⠱⠮⠂⠲ ⠏⠂⠝⠠ ⠳⠅⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠘⠽⠱⠎⠠ ⠅⠂⠈⠗⠍⠠⠲ ⠅⠠ ⠅⠈⠎⠽ ⠍⠻⠈⠞⠗⠈⠍⠲ ⠐⠗⠹⠧⠱ ⠅⠱ ⠅⠈⠎⠽⠱⠠ ⠎⠨⠻⠲ ⠜⠞⠻ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠⠲ ⠇⠞⠱ ⠈⠏⠗⠻⠽⠈⠬⠅⠱⠽⠱⠠ ⠎⠨⠻⠲ ⠧⠙⠈⠝⠞⠂⠲ ⠔⠙⠱⠓⠗⠼⠊ ⠧⠙⠱⠍⠻⠲ ⠜⠙⠱⠝⠻⠍ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠ ⠧⠙⠈⠝⠞⠂⠲ ⠗⠇⠓⠻⠞⠠ ⠐⠗⠘⠻⠯⠄⠅⠈⠎⠽ ⠍⠻⠈⠞⠗⠈⠍⠲ ⠔⠈⠞⠞⠍⠈⠍⠲ ⠜⠙⠱⠝⠻⠊ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠃⠓⠂⠧⠉⠝⠈⠎⠽ ⠐⠗⠈⠘⠽⠱⠎⠊ ⠅⠂⠈⠗⠍⠠⠲ ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠠- ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠱⠠⠲ ⠙⠊⠞⠅⠃⠈⠗⠉⠠-⠙⠊⠞⠅⠃⠈⠗⠉⠱⠲

⠔⠈⠞⠞⠍⠈⠍⠲ ⠉⠩⠅⠠- ⠉⠩⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠠- ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠎⠅⠝⠻⠅⠠- ⠎⠅⠝⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠧⠍⠈⠅⠯⠠- ⠧⠍⠈⠅⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠩⠻⠈⠅⠞⠧⠈⠗⠞⠻⠅⠱- ⠩⠻⠈⠅⠞⠧⠈⠗⠞⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱- ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠔⠈⠞⠏⠻⠺⠻⠅⠱- ⠔⠈⠞⠏⠻⠺⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠇⠄⠨⠝⠻- ⠇⠄⠨⠈⠝⠽⠠⠲ ⠐⠗⠈⠬⠅⠝⠻- ⠐⠗⠈⠬⠅⠈⠝⠽⠠⠲ ⠣⠾⠻- ⠣⠈⠾⠽⠠⠲ ⠅⠃⠏⠻- ⠅⠃⠈⠏⠽⠠⠲ ⠏⠈⠗⠼⠈⠍- ⠏⠈⠗⠼⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠏⠂⠈⠎⠞⠅⠈⠍- ⠏⠂⠈⠎⠞⠅⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠅⠈⠬⠅⠝⠈⠍- ⠅⠈⠬⠅⠼⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠖⠇⠈⠍- ⠖⠇⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠎⠈⠬⠛⠼⠅⠈⠍- ⠎⠈⠬⠛⠼⠅⠱⠝⠻⠲

⠐⠗⠓⠈⠍ ⠳⠅⠧⠉⠝⠄ ⠧⠙⠱⠍⠻⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠ ⠏⠗⠻⠧⠈⠗⠈⠞⠞⠝⠊ ⠅⠂⠈⠗⠧⠈⠝⠲

 

⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻- ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠱ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲– ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠙⠊⠞⠅⠃⠈⠗⠉⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ - ⠙⠊⠞⠅⠃⠈⠗⠉⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠉⠍⠯⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲– ⠉⠍⠯⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲

⠐⠗⠈⠬⠅⠼⠻ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠐⠗⠈⠬⠅⠈⠝⠽⠠ ⠎⠊⠞⠻⠲

⠏⠈⠗⠼⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲⠏⠈⠗⠼⠱⠝⠻ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲

⠧⠍⠈⠅⠯⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲– ⠧⠍⠈⠅⠯⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲– ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠛⠱⠽⠅⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲– ⠛⠱⠽⠅⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲

⠇⠄⠨⠅⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲– ⠇⠄⠨⠅⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠈⠞⠗⠻⠅⠱ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠈⠞⠗⠻⠅⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠈⠞⠗⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲⠏⠈⠞⠗⠱⠼⠻ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠂⠈⠯⠏⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲⠏⠂⠈⠯⠏⠱⠼⠻ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠍⠈⠝⠙⠻⠗⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲⠍⠈⠝⠙⠻⠗⠱⠼⠻ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠖⠇⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠖⠇⠱⠝⠻ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠈⠗⠼⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠏⠈⠗⠼⠱⠝⠻ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲

⠐⠗⠈⠬⠅⠼⠻ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠐⠗⠈⠬⠅⠈⠼⠽⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠇⠄⠨⠝⠻ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠇⠄⠨⠈⠝⠽ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲

⠜⠙⠱⠝⠻⠈⠍ ⠳⠅⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠘⠽⠱⠎⠊ ⠅⠂⠈⠗⠍⠠⠲

⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠠ ⠳⠅⠧⠉⠝⠊ ⠧⠱⠈⠅⠽⠊ ⠧⠙⠞⠻⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠ ⠃⠓⠂⠧⠉⠝⠊ ⠗⠃⠏⠊ ⠧⠙⠈⠝⠞⠂⠲⠞⠈⠎⠽ ⠧⠱⠈⠅⠽⠈⠎⠽ ⠃⠓⠂⠧⠉⠝ ⠗⠃⠏⠊ ⠧⠙⠞⠻⠲

⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠ ⠳⠅⠧⠉⠝⠊ ⠧⠱⠈⠅⠽⠊ ⠧⠙⠞⠻⠲ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠱⠠ ⠏⠗⠻⠧⠈⠗⠈⠞⠞⠝⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠂ ⠧⠱⠲ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲ ⠏⠂⠈⠎⠞⠅⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲⠏⠂⠈⠎⠞⠅⠱⠝⠻ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠇⠄⠨⠝⠻ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠇⠄⠅⠈⠼⠽⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠣⠾⠻ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠞⠻⠲ ⠣⠈⠾⠽⠱⠠ ⠎⠈⠝⠞⠻⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠠⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠱⠠⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠠⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠅⠠⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠅⠄⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠠⠲ ⠅⠠ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠠⠲ ⠎⠠ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠠⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠅⠄⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠅⠄ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠏⠂⠗⠂⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠓⠈⠎⠞⠊ ⠙⠈⠗⠩⠽⠈⠝⠞⠂⠲ ⠐⠗⠈⠅⠯⠞⠱ ⠔⠈⠞⠞⠻⠈⠯⠺⠈⠝⠞⠂⠲ ⠞⠱⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠎⠱ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠲ ⠎⠱ ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱⠲ ⠞⠱⠠ ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠎⠱ ⠅⠱⠲ ⠞⠱⠠ ⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠅⠱ ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱⠲ ⠎⠱ ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱⠲

⠅⠱⠠ ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱⠲ ⠞⠱⠠ ⠏⠄⠾⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠞⠈⠞ ⠉⠻⠈⠞⠗⠈⠍⠲ ⠞⠱⠼⠻ ⠉⠻⠈⠞⠗⠱⠼⠻⠲ ⠞⠈⠞ ⠅⠻⠈⠍⠲ ⠞⠱⠼⠻ ⠅⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠧⠍⠈⠅⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠳⠞⠄ ⠧⠍⠈⠅⠯⠱⠠⠲ ⠳⠞⠄ ⠡⠱⠈⠞⠗⠱⠠⠲ ⠞⠱⠠ ⠣⠈⠾⠽⠠⠲ ⠞⠄ ⠅⠄⠲ ⠳⠞⠄ ⠅⠄⠲ ⠳⠞⠱⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠳⠞⠱⠠ ⠣⠈⠾⠽⠠⠲ ⠞⠱⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠳⠞⠱⠠ ⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠞⠱⠠ ⠣⠈⠾⠽⠠⠲ ⠅⠱⠠ ⠣⠈⠾⠽⠠⠲ ⠞⠱⠝⠻ ⠖⠇⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠳⠞⠱⠝⠻ ⠖⠇⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠳⠞⠱⠝⠻ ⠏⠂⠈⠎⠞⠅⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠞⠱⠝⠻ ⠏⠂⠈⠎⠞⠅⠱⠼⠻⠲ ⠳⠞⠱⠝⠻ ⠖⠇⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠳⠞⠱⠝⠻ ⠅⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠞⠱⠝⠻ ⠖⠇⠱⠝⠻⠲ ⠘⠧⠱⠈⠝ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠠⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠘⠧⠞⠻ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠞⠽⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠘⠱⠗⠞⠻⠽⠱⠲ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠅⠄⠲ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠘⠱⠗⠞⠻⠽⠱⠠⠲ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠘⠱⠗⠞⠻⠽⠱⠠⠲

⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠙⠄⠩⠘⠈⠅⠈⠞⠞⠠⠲ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠙⠄⠩⠘⠈⠅⠞⠱⠠⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠ ⠅⠄⠲ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠃⠱⠇⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠞⠽⠠ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠞⠽⠠ ⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅⠱⠠⠲ ⠐⠗⠓⠈⠍ ⠳⠅⠧⠉⠝⠊ ⠧⠙⠱⠍⠻⠲ ⠘⠧⠈⠝⠞⠠ ⠃⠓⠂⠧⠉⠝⠊ ⠧⠙⠈⠝⠞⠂⠲ ⠳⠅⠈⠍ ⠐⠗⠈⠘⠽⠱⠎⠠ ⠅⠃⠈⠗⠍⠠⠲ ⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠘⠱⠗⠞⠻⠽⠠⠲⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠗⠱⠈⠯⠈⠾⠗⠘⠈⠅⠞⠠⠲ ⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠉⠞⠂⠗⠠⠲ ⠐⠗⠓⠊ ⠍⠃⠈⠗⠨⠠⠲ ⠧⠽⠊ ⠍⠃⠈⠗⠨⠱⠠⠲

 ⠎⠻⠈⠙⠮⠻⠗⠈⠎⠞⠂⠲

7. ⠍⠻⠹⠻⠇⠱ ⠅⠇⠱- ⠉⠻⠈⠞⠗⠅⠇⠱ (⠂⠌⠛⠱)  ⠍⠮⠂⠈⠩⠗⠱⠧⠼⠻ ⠐⠗⠗⠻⠏⠝

  ⠉⠻⠈⠞⠗⠅⠱⠗- ⠔⠍⠄⠩ ⠅⠂⠍⠱⠗ ⠍⠓⠞⠇, ⠛⠱⠍-⠃⠓⠱⠙⠂⠗⠛⠊⠚(⠚⠻⠇⠱ ⠅⠻⠩⠝⠛⠊⠚,⠃⠻⠓⠱⠗, ⠘⠱⠗⠞), ⠔⠈⠍⠗-18 ⠧⠈⠗⠯, ⠏⠻⠞⠱⠅ ⠝⠱⠍- ⠈⠩⠗⠻ ⠅⠄⠩⠧ ⠍⠓⠞⠇⠲

 

 

⠈⠩⠗⠱⠧⠝ ⠅⠍⠈⠯⠼ ⠏⠊⠉⠍⠻ (⠝⠱⠛ ⠏⠊⠉⠍⠻⠎⠌) ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠗⠈⠍⠘ ⠘’ ⠅⠽ ⠈⠩⠗⠱⠧⠝ ⠩⠂⠈⠅⠇ ⠞⠍⠞⠻⠽⠱ ⠏⠈⠗⠽⠈⠝⠞ ⠝⠻⠉⠱⠌⠅ ⠐⠗⠗⠻⠏⠝ ⠏⠗ ⠧⠻⠘⠻⠈⠝⠝ ⠝⠱⠛⠅ ⠏⠃⠚⠱ ⠅⠳⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠂’ ⠧⠍⠈⠙⠮⠱ ⠇⠇⠅⠝⠻ ⠳⠓⠻ ⠐⠗⠧⠎⠗ ⠏⠗ ⠅⠹⠱ ⠎⠄⠓⠇ ⠅⠓⠅⠞ ⠡⠹⠻⠲ ⠝⠧ ⠧⠗-⠧⠮⠃⠅⠄⠌ ⠎⠊⠛ ⠃⠅⠎⠱ ⠅⠽ ⠏⠃⠚⠱⠅ ⠎⠍⠱⠏⠝ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠜⠜ ⠐⠗⠗⠻⠏⠝ ⠙⠃⠾⠱ ⠍⠄⠝⠱-⠏⠱⠞ ⠂’ ⠏⠃⠚⠱ ⠅⠗⠽⠃⠱⠇⠻⠅ ⠙⠂⠝⠃ ⠙⠻⠩⠻ ⠘⠃⠍⠻ ⠏⠗ ⠃⠝⠱⠌⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠧⠱⠍ ⠏⠱⠞ ⠏⠗ 101 ⠎⠈⠗⠏⠻⠼⠻ ⠎⠻⠝⠃⠗ ⠂’ ⠅⠱⠚⠗⠎⠌ ⠂’ ⠙⠓⠻⠝ ⠅⠱⠞⠅ ⠏⠱⠞ ⠏⠗ 101 ⠎⠈⠗⠏⠻⠼⠻ ⠏⠻⠺⠱⠗⠎⠌ ⠃⠝⠱⠌⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠧⠱⠍ ⠅⠱⠞⠅ ⠎⠈⠗⠏⠅ ⠍⠂⠨⠻⠽⠱ ⠅⠂⠎⠂⠍⠱⠧⠞⠻ ⠂’ ⠙⠓⠻⠝ ⠅⠱⠞⠅ ⠧⠉⠗⠎ ⠝⠱⠛⠅ ⠏⠃⠚⠱ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠍⠄⠝⠱ ⠏⠱⠞⠍⠄ ⠎⠈⠗⠏ ⠧⠩⠻⠅⠗⠼ ⠩⠈⠅⠈⠞⠞⠻ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠎⠊⠛⠍⠄ ⠎⠃⠈⠗⠽ ⠉⠈⠝⠈⠙⠗ ⠛⠉⠗, ⠎⠱⠺⠻ ⠂’ ⠝⠧⠈⠛⠗⠓⠅ ⠉⠻⠈⠞⠗ ⠎⠄⠓⠇ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. ⠎⠊⠛⠻⠞ ⠩⠻⠈⠅⠯⠱

 

⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮ ⠈⠎⠧⠗ ⠞⠨⠝ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠚⠨⠝ ⠎⠱⠞⠇ ⠈⠎⠧⠗ ⠐⠗⠏⠝ ⠝⠻⠈⠩⠉⠻⠞ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝ ⠏⠗ ⠗⠓⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠳⠓⠻ ⠎⠱⠞⠇ ⠏⠗ ⠅⠇⠝⠇ ⠉⠄⠈⠝⠓ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

⠚⠨⠝ ⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮ ⠈⠎⠧⠗ ⠐⠗⠏⠝ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝⠎⠌ ⠝⠻⠉⠱⠌ ⠗⠓⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠞⠌ ⠅⠇⠍⠇ ⠅⠓⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠂’ ⠊ ⠉⠱⠗⠻⠾⠱ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠳⠓⠻⠍⠄ ⠝⠻⠉⠱⠌ ⠈⠅⠯⠅⠞⠻⠚ ⠉⠄⠈⠝⠓ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠽⠹⠱- ⠗⠄॒, ⠛॒, ⠮॒, ⠝⠻॒⠲

 

⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮ ⠂’ ⠍⠈⠮⠽⠍ ⠈⠎⠧⠗ ⠚⠨⠝ ⠐⠗⠏⠝ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝⠎⠌ ⠥⠏⠗ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠞⠨⠝ ⠊ ⠞⠻⠈⠧⠗ ⠈⠎⠧⠗ ⠅⠓⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠳⠓⠻⠍⠄ ⠥⠏⠗ ⠔⠈⠗⠈⠮⠧⠱⠮⠗ ⠉⠄⠈⠝⠓ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠊ ⠳⠅⠄⠾⠱ ⠐⠗⠡⠻- ⠍॑⠲

⠳⠧⠍ ⠈⠏⠗⠅⠱⠗⠄ ⠎⠱⠞ ⠾⠱ ⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮ ⠽⠹⠱- ⠎⠱,⠗⠄,⠛, ⠍, ⠏, ⠮, ⠝⠻, ⠉⠱⠗⠻⠾⠱ ⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮ ⠽⠹⠱- ⠗⠄॒,⠛॒,⠮॒,⠝⠻॒ ⠂’ ⠳⠅⠾⠱ ⠞⠻⠈⠧⠗ ⠽⠹⠱ ⠍॑ ⠎⠘ ⠍⠻⠇⠱ ⠅⠽ १२ ⠾⠱ ⠈⠎⠧⠗ ⠘⠄⠇⠲

⠳⠓⠻⠍⠄ ⠈⠎⠏⠈⠯⠾ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠚⠄ ⠎⠱ ⠂’ ⠏ ⠐⠗⠉⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠩⠄⠯ ⠉⠇ ⠅⠻⠊⠧⠱ ⠧⠻⠅⠍⠞⠲

⠂⠃ ⠖⠄⠗ ⠅⠻⠃⠇⠈⠗⠫ ⠏⠗ ⠂⠥⠲ 37 ⠾⠱ ⠅⠻ ⠃⠇⠱ ⠅⠻⠃⠇⠈⠗⠫ ⠓⠍ ⠳⠓⠻ ⠓⠄⠞⠂ ⠅⠓⠝⠄ ⠉⠱⠇⠓⠂⠌,⠅⠻⠳⠅ ⠞⠌ 12, 12, 12 ⠅⠄⠗ ⠞⠻⠝ ⠎⠄⠾ ⠂, ⠐⠗⠊⠞⠻⠍ 37⠍ ⠞⠻⠈⠧⠗ ⠎⠱⠊ ⠅⠄⠗ ⠓⠄⠞⠂⠲

⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅ ⠍⠄ ⠎⠱⠞⠾⠱ ⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮ ⠂’ ⠏⠱⠌⠉⠾⠱ ⠧⠻⠅⠍⠞ ⠍⠻⠇⠱ ⠅⠽ 12 ⠾⠱ ⠘⠄⠇!

⠧⠱⠍ ⠅⠱⠞⠎⠌ 12 ⠾⠱ ⠔⠚⠗⠱ ⠂’ ⠅⠱⠗⠻ ⠅⠻ ⠍⠊⠈⠙⠗ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅, ⠃⠻⠉ ⠃⠇⠱ 12 ⠾⠱ ⠅⠻ ⠍⠈⠮⠽ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅ ⠂, 25 ⠎⠌ 36 ⠮⠗⠻ ⠅⠻ ⠞⠱⠗ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅ ⠅⠓⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

 

⠂⠗⠇⠓- ⠝⠻⠉⠱⠌ ⠎⠌ ⠥⠏⠗ ⠛⠄⠝⠱⠜, ⠚⠄⠝⠱ ⠍⠊⠈⠙⠗ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅⠎⠌ ⠍⠈⠮⠽ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅ ⠂’ ⠍⠈⠮⠽ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅⠎⠌ ⠞⠱⠗ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅⠲

⠍⠊⠈⠙⠗ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅⠍⠄ ⠝⠻⠉⠱⠌ ⠃⠻⠈⠝⠙⠂, ⠍⠈⠮⠽ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅ ⠎⠱⠍⠱⠈⠝⠽ ⠂’ ⠞⠱⠗ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅⠍⠄ ⠥⠏⠗ ⠃⠻⠈⠝⠙⠂ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠽⠹⠱-

⠎़, ⠗़,⠛़,⠍़,⠏़,⠮़,⠝़         ⠎⠱,⠗⠄,⠛,⠍,⠏,⠮,⠝⠻ ‍   ⠎⠱⠊,⠗⠄⠊,⠛⠊,⠍⠊,⠏⠊,⠮⠊,⠝⠻⠊

⠐⠗⠧⠗⠇⠓- ⠞⠱⠗⠎⠌ ⠍⠈⠮⠽ ⠂’ ⠍⠈⠮⠽⠎⠌ ⠍⠊⠈⠙⠗ ⠅⠄⠌ ⠐⠗⠧⠗⠇⠓ ⠅⠓⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

 

⠧⠱⠙⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠗- ⠚⠱⠓⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠅ ⠎⠘⠎⠌ ⠃⠄⠩⠻ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠇⠛ ⠗⠱⠛⠍⠄ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠎⠍⠧⠱⠙⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠗- ⠚⠅⠗ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠇⠛ ⠧⠱⠙⠻⠅ ⠃⠱⠙ ⠎⠘⠎⠌ ⠃⠄⠩⠻ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠱⠙⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠗- ⠧⠱⠙⠻ ⠂’ ⠎⠍⠧⠱⠙⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠅ ⠃⠱⠙ ⠩⠄⠯ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠲ ⠧⠈⠗⠈⠚⠽ ⠈⠎⠧⠗- ⠚⠱⠓⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠅ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠇⠛ ⠅⠇⠝⠇ ⠧⠻⠩⠄⠯ ⠗⠱⠛⠍⠄ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠏⠅ड़- ⠚⠱⠓⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠅ ⠎⠍⠂⠙⠱⠽⠎⠌ ⠅⠇⠝⠇ ⠗⠱⠛ ⠧⠻⠩⠄⠯⠅⠄⠌ ⠉⠻⠈⠝⠓⠅⠞ ⠡⠻⠲

 

 (⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠈⠗⠞⠞⠄)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. ⠃⠱⠇⠱⠝⠱⠊ ⠅⠍⠞⠄

⠗⠱⠚⠱ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎

⠗⠱⠚⠱ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠎⠂⠈⠝⠙⠗ ⠂’ ⠧⠻⠗ ⠡⠇⠱⠓⠲ ⠍⠇⠗⠊⠛ ⠝⠄⠏⠱⠇⠍⠄ ⠗⠓⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠱⠓⠲ ⠌’ ⠙⠂⠎⠱⠮ ⠚⠱⠞⠻⠅ ⠡⠇⠱⠓ ⠂’ ⠙⠃⠝⠱ ⠝⠱⠍⠅ ⠍⠇⠗⠊⠛ ⠗⠱⠚⠱⠅ ⠍⠱⠇⠻⠝ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠎⠌ ⠈⠏⠗⠄⠍ ⠅⠗⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠻⠲ ⠗⠱⠚⠅ ⠧⠅⠈⠙⠽ ⠌⠅⠗⠱⠎⠌ ⠈⠏⠗⠄⠍ ⠅⠗⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠱⠓ ⠂’ ⠙⠃⠝⠱⠅ ⠐⠗⠈⠎⠧⠻⠅⠍⠞⠻⠎⠌ ⠌’ ⠂⠈⠞⠍⠓⠈⠞⠽⠱ ⠅⠳ ⠇⠄⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻⠲ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠡⠇⠱⠓ ⠍⠇⠗⠊⠛⠅ ⠞⠱⠇⠂⠅⠙⠱⠗ ⠝⠉⠗⠊⠛⠻ ⠃⠓⠱⠙⠂⠗ ⠹⠱⠏⠱⠅ ⠎⠻⠏⠱⠓⠻⠲ ⠎⠇⠄⠓⠎ ⠡⠇⠱⠓ ⠍⠇⠝⠅ ⠗⠱⠚⠱⠲ ⠎⠘⠅⠄⠌ ⠧⠻⠏⠈⠞⠞⠻⠍⠄ ⠎⠓⠱⠽⠞⠱ ⠙⠅⠞ ⠗⠓⠹⠻⠲ ⠞⠱⠓⠻ ⠈⠙⠧⠱⠗⠄ ⠙⠃⠝⠱ ⠙⠻⠩⠻ ⠓⠂⠝⠅⠗ ⠅⠇⠝⠇ ⠈⠮⠽⠱⠝ ⠝⠓⠻⠊ ⠡⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻⠲ ⠎⠘ ⠓⠂⠝⠅⠱ ⠗⠱⠚⠱ ⠅⠓⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻, ⠎⠄ ⠌’ ⠞⠱⠇⠂⠅⠙⠱⠗⠅⠄⠌ ⠏⠎⠻⠈⠝⠝ ⠝⠓⠻⠊ ⠏ड़⠇⠲ ⠳⠅ ⠙⠻⠝ ⠙⠗⠃⠱⠗⠍⠄ ⠌’ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠅⠄⠌ ⠏⠂⠡⠇⠅- ⠐⠗⠓⠱⠌⠅ ⠝⠱⠍ ⠅⠻? ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠅⠓⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻- ⠓⠍⠗ ⠝⠱⠍ ⠡⠻ ⠗⠱⠚⠱ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠲ ⠞⠨⠝ ⠹⠱⠏⠱ ⠅⠓⠇⠅⠈⠝⠓⠻, ⠚⠄ ⠐⠗⠓⠱⠌ ⠐⠗⠏⠝ ⠝⠱⠍⠍⠄ ⠗⠱⠚⠱ ⠝⠓⠻⠊ ⠇⠛⠱⠥⠲ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠅⠓⠈⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻, ⠚⠄ ⠊ ⠏⠙⠧⠻ ⠡⠻, ⠚⠝ ⠈⠙⠧⠱⠗⠱ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠏⠙⠧⠻⠲ ⠅⠇⠝⠱ ⠡⠇ड़⠃ ⠳⠅⠗⠱⠲ ⠓⠍⠱⠗⠱ ⠉⠇ड़⠻⠽⠇ ⠙⠄⠃ ⠇⠇⠅ ⠞⠌ ⠅⠓⠃⠄ ⠅⠗⠞⠲⠞⠨⠝ ⠹⠱⠏⠱ ⠅⠓⠇⠅⠈⠝⠓⠻ ⠚⠄ ⠇⠇⠅⠅⠄⠌ ⠍⠝⠱ ⠅’ ⠙⠻⠽⠉⠅⠲ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠅⠓⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻ ⠚⠄ ⠇⠇⠅⠅⠄⠌ ⠅⠇⠝⠱ ⠍⠝⠱ ⠅⠗⠃⠅⠅⠲ ⠇⠇⠅⠅ ⠍⠇⠝ ⠚⠄ ⠌’ ⠅⠅⠗⠱ ⠅⠻ ⠃⠚⠱⠌⠞⠲ ⠝⠻⠅⠇⠻ ⠛⠄⠇⠱⠓ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠌⠞⠽⠎⠌⠲ ⠂⠃ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠝⠻⠍⠓⠞ ⠊ ⠝⠇⠅⠗⠻⠲ ⠂⠜ ⠅⠓⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠝⠱⠍ ⠡⠇ड़⠽ ⠇⠄⠇, ⠅⠱⠈⠇⠓⠻ ⠅⠻⠡⠂ ⠂⠗ ⠅⠓⠞⠲ ⠏⠻⠞⠻⠽⠉⠞ ⠃⠓⠻⠝ ⠗⠓⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻ ⠍⠂⠊⠛⠄⠗⠍⠄⠲ ⠃⠓⠻⠝⠇⠜ ⠗⠱⠚ ⠙⠗⠘⠊⠛⠱⠅ ⠝⠇⠅⠗⠻⠍⠄ ⠡⠇⠱⠓⠲ ⠳⠈⠍⠓⠗ ⠅⠂⠎⠍⠻ ⠙⠃⠝⠱⠅⠄⠌ ⠅⠓⠻ ⠙⠄⠇⠅ ⠚⠄ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠚⠱’ ⠗⠓⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠍⠇⠗⠊⠛ ⠡⠇ड़⠻ ⠅⠽⠲ ⠙⠃⠝⠱ ⠡⠇⠻ ⠅⠍⠗⠃-⠅⠍⠈⠨⠽⠱⠎⠌ ⠞⠊⠈⠞⠗-⠍⠊⠈⠞⠗ ⠎⠻⠨⠝⠄⠲ ⠅⠓⠇⠅ ⠌’ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠅⠄⠌ ⠚⠄ ⠓⠍ ⠗⠱⠚⠱⠅ ⠙⠗⠃⠱⠗⠍⠄ ⠎⠱⠞ ⠎⠽ ⠎⠻⠏⠱⠓⠻⠅ ⠎⠗⠙⠱⠗ ⠉⠃⠓ड़⠍⠇⠅⠄⠌ ⠓⠾⠃⠱ ⠅’ ⠐⠗⠓⠱⠌⠅⠄⠌ ⠎⠗⠙⠱⠗ ⠃⠝⠱ ⠙⠄⠃⠲ ⠎⠅⠓ ⠘⠄⠇⠲ ⠃ड़⠅⠱ ⠚⠇⠎⠱ ⠙⠄⠇⠅ ⠙⠃⠝⠱, ⠛⠄⠇⠅ ⠛⠻⠞- ⠗⠉ ⠎⠂⠗⠓⠱, ⠃⠱⠗⠓ ⠃⠗⠎ ⠞⠇⠗⠱ ⠇⠄⠇ ⠂⠌⠉⠗ ⠃⠈⠝⠓⠇⠉⠌⠲

⠍⠂⠙⠱, ⠅⠄⠇⠅ ⠉⠇⠗⠻ ⠉⠃⠓ड़⠍⠇, ⠉⠇⠗⠄⠇⠅ ⠝⠉ ⠇⠱⠨⠅ ⠗⠱⠝⠻⠅ ⠓⠱⠗ ⠂’ ⠝⠂⠅⠱ ⠙⠄⠇⠅ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠅ ⠌⠡⠅⠝⠍⠄⠲ ⠗⠱⠚⠱⠅⠄⠌ ⠅⠓⠇⠅ ⠉⠃⠓ड़⠍⠇ ⠚⠄ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠅ ⠣⠗⠅ ⠞⠇⠱⠎⠻ ⠇⠄⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠅ ⠛⠄⠗⠂⠂⠅ ⠨⠇⠇⠎⠌ ⠨⠎⠇ ⠓⠱⠗⠲ ⠙⠃⠝⠱ ⠅⠱⠇⠻ ⠍⠈⠝⠙⠻⠗⠍⠄ ⠞⠊⠈⠞⠗ ⠎⠱⠮⠝⠱ ⠩⠂⠗⠃ ⠅⠳⠇⠅⠲ ⠘⠃⠞-⠈⠏⠗⠄⠞⠅⠄⠌ ⠝⠇⠞⠇⠅⠲ ⠨⠃⠝ ⠃⠇⠅⠗⠃⠄⠇⠅ ⠉⠃⠓ड़⠍⠇⠎⠌⠲ ⠉⠃⠓ड़⠍⠇ ⠎⠘⠾⠱ ⠃⠅⠻ ⠙⠄⠇⠅⠲ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎⠅⠄⠌ ⠚⠄⠇⠎⠌ ⠡⠇ड़⠻ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠛⠄⠇ ⠂’ ⠌⠅⠗ ⠌⠓⠙⠱ ⠃⠐⠻⠱ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠛⠄⠇⠲ ⠉⠃⠓ड़⠍⠇⠅⠄⠌ ⠘⠄⠇⠅⠅ ⠚⠄⠇⠲ ⠙⠃⠝⠱ ⠂’ ⠎⠇⠓⠄⠎ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓ ⠅⠳ ⠨⠂⠩⠻⠎⠌ ⠗⠓⠽ ⠇⠛⠇⠱⠓⠲

 

10. ⠏⠊⠚⠻ ⠈⠏⠗⠃⠊⠮

⠈⠩⠗⠻ ⠧⠻⠈⠙⠽⠱⠝⠈⠝⠙ ⠴⠱ ⠏⠒⠻⠅⠱⠗ ‘⠍⠇⠓⠝⠚⠻’ ⠏⠈⠼⠫⠂⠂, ⠞⠞⠅⠇, ⠅⠅⠗⠉ड़(⠍⠮⠂⠃⠝⠻), ⠗⠩⠱⠐⠻⠽(⠏⠃⠈⠗⠼⠻⠽⠱), ⠩⠻⠧⠝⠛⠗ (⠐⠗⠗⠗⠻⠽⠱) ⠂’ ⠎⠈⠍⠈⠏⠗⠞⠻ ⠏⠃⠈⠗⠼⠻⠽⠱⠲ ⠏⠻⠞⠱ ⠇⠈⠃⠮ ⠮⠉⠞ ⠏⠈⠒⠚⠻⠩⠱⠈⠎⠈⠞⠗ ⠍⠱⠈⠗⠈⠞⠞⠈⠼⠫ ⠏⠈⠒⠚⠻⠅⠱⠗ ⠍⠇⠙⠱⠝⠈⠝⠙ ⠴⠱, ⠩⠻⠧⠝⠛⠗, ⠐⠗⠗⠗⠻⠽⠱, ⠏⠃⠈⠗⠼⠻⠽⠱

 

 

⠏⠂⠝⠈⠩⠉ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠎⠻⠈⠝⠮⠂ ⠎⠌ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠈⠉⠽⠱⠘⠻⠍⠂⠨⠻ ⠽⠱⠽⠱⠧⠗ ⠪⠯⠻ ⠇⠇⠅⠝⠻ ⠛⠊⠛⠱ ⠌’ ⠓⠻⠍⠱⠇⠽⠅ ⠍⠈⠮⠽⠅ ⠎⠂⠘⠃⠍⠻ ⠍⠻⠹⠻⠇⠱⠍⠄ ⠚⠱⠓⠻ ⠂⠈⠗⠽⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞⠻⠅ ⠃⠻⠚-⠧⠏⠝ ⠅⠳⠇, ⠞⠅⠗ ⠍⠃⠇ ⠡⠇ ⠮⠈⠗⠍, ⠮⠈⠗⠍⠅ ⠍⠃⠇ ⠹⠻⠅ ⠚⠱⠞⠻, ⠊ ⠚⠱⠞⠻ ⠓⠇⠽⠞ ⠳⠓⠻ ⠚⠈⠝⠍⠅ ⠧⠻⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮⠻⠎⠌, ⠚⠈⠝⠍⠎⠌ ⠧⠻⠩⠂⠈⠙⠮ ⠎⠊⠞⠱⠝ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠞⠨⠝ ⠚⠨⠝ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓⠅ ⠐⠗⠮⠻⠅⠱⠗ ⠚⠱⠓⠻ ⠅⠈⠝⠽⠱⠎⠌ ⠓⠇ ⠞⠅⠗⠓⠻⠎⠌ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓ ⠅⠳⠇⠱ ⠔⠈⠞⠞⠗ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠈⠏⠞ ⠎⠊⠞⠱⠝ ⠂⠈⠗⠽ ⠚⠱⠞⠻⠅ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓⠅ ⠝⠻⠽⠍ ⠎⠘ ⠎⠈⠗⠧⠈⠏⠗⠹⠍ ⠝⠻⠃⠊⠮⠻⠞ ⠘⠄⠇ ⠧⠻⠘⠻⠈⠝⠝ ⠈⠎⠍⠍⠞⠻ ⠎⠘⠍⠄⠲ ⠍⠓⠱⠝ ⠈⠎⠍⠍⠞⠻⠅⠱⠗ ⠍⠝⠂ ⠌’ ⠽⠱⠈⠚⠒⠧⠈⠇⠈⠅⠽⠅ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠎⠱⠗ ⠌⠓⠻ ⠅⠈⠝⠽⠱⠎⠌ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓⠅ ⠐⠗⠮⠻⠅⠱⠗ ⠓⠇ ⠚⠄- 1. ⠎⠍⠱⠝ ⠛⠇⠈⠞⠗⠅ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠹⠻, 2. ⠎⠍⠱⠝ ⠈⠏⠗⠧⠗⠅ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠹⠻, 3. ⠍⠱⠜⠅ ⠎⠏⠻⠈⠼⠫ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠹⠻,

4. ⠏⠻⠞⠱⠅ ⠎⠏⠻⠈⠼⠫ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠹⠻,

5. ⠏⠻⠞⠱⠍ ⠐⠗⠹⠧⠱ ⠍⠱⠞⠱⠍⠓⠅ ⠎⠊⠞⠱⠝ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠹⠻, 6. ⠅⠺⠍⠱⠍⠅ ⠎⠊⠞⠱⠝ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇⠹⠻⠲

    ⠳⠓⠻ ⠧⠅⠧⠱⠓⠻⠅ ⠐⠗⠮⠻⠅⠱⠗⠅ ⠝⠻⠈⠯⠏⠱⠙⠝⠱⠈⠗⠹ ⠅⠍⠎⠌ ⠅⠍ ⠍⠝⠂ ⠌’ ⠽⠱⠈⠚⠒⠧⠈⠇⠈⠅⠽⠅ ⠎⠍⠽⠎⠌ ⠞ ⠝⠻⠈⠩⠉⠽⠄ ⠇⠇⠅ ⠐⠗⠏⠝ ‘ ⠽⠱⠧⠞⠇ ⠏⠗⠻⠉⠽’ ⠈⠎⠧⠽⠊ ⠐⠗⠏⠝⠓⠻ ⠗⠨⠅⠞ ⠂⠃⠻ ⠗⠓⠇ ⠡⠇, ⠍⠂⠙⠱ ⠏⠈⠩⠉⠱⠞⠅ ⠽⠂⠛⠍⠄ ⠊ ⠈⠏⠗⠧⠍⠈⠞⠞⠻ ⠎⠍⠱⠈⠏⠞⠈⠏⠗⠱⠽ ⠘’ ⠛⠄⠇⠲ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓⠅ ⠓⠄⠞⠂ ⠧⠗ ⠌’ ⠅⠈⠝⠽⠱⠅ ⠎⠈⠍⠏⠃⠈⠗⠼ ⠏⠗⠻⠉⠽ ⠞⠌ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅⠄ ⠡⠇, ⠚⠄ ⠂⠝⠓⠂ ⠮⠱⠈⠗⠍⠻⠅ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠱⠗⠅ ⠓⠄⠞⠂ ⠎⠏⠻⠈⠼⠫⠈⠞⠈⠞⠧⠅ ⠧⠻⠉⠱⠗ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓⠅ ⠐⠗⠞⠻⠗⠻⠈⠅⠞ ⠈⠩⠗⠱⠈⠙⠮ ⠌’ ⠐⠗⠩⠉⠉ ⠈⠏⠗⠘⠍⠞⠻⠐⠗⠓⠂⠍⠄ ⠂⠧⠈⠩⠽⠅ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠡⠇, ⠳⠓⠻ ⠅⠱⠗⠼⠄⠌ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠛⠅⠞⠻⠓⠱⠎⠻⠅ ⠅⠱⠇⠓⠻⠎⠌ ⠇⠇⠅ ⠐⠗⠏⠝ ⠎⠱⠊⠛⠇⠏⠱⠊⠛ ⠏⠗⠻⠉⠽ ⠗⠨⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠲ ⠌’ ⠌⠅⠗⠓⠻ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠎⠱⠗ ⠐⠗⠏⠝ ⠮⠱⠈⠗⠍⠻⠅ ⠈⠅⠗⠻⠽⠱⠅ ⠝⠻⠈⠯⠏⠱⠙⠝ ⠅⠗⠅⠞ ⠗⠓⠳⠲ ⠊ ⠝⠻⠽⠍ ⠎⠘ ⠓⠍⠗⠱ ⠇⠇⠅⠝⠻⠅ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠉⠻⠝⠞⠍ ⠮⠈⠗⠍⠈⠛⠗⠊⠹ ⠎⠘⠍⠄ ⠔⠏⠇⠈⠃⠮ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠈⠎⠍⠍⠞⠻ ⠎⠘⠍⠄ ⠅⠓⠇ ⠛⠄⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠚⠄ ⠚⠝⠻⠅⠱⠎⠌ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓⠅ ⠐⠗⠮⠻⠅⠱⠗ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠓⠇ ⠎⠄ ⠈⠎⠧⠚⠝⠱ ⠘⠄⠇⠻⠓⠲ ⠈⠎⠧⠚⠝⠱⠎⠌ ⠧⠻⠧⠱⠓⠇⠏⠗⠱⠊⠞ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠈⠏⠞ ⠎⠊⠞⠱⠝ ⠉⠱⠈⠼⠫⠱⠇ ⠃⠃⠴⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠡⠇⠲ ⠌’ ⠂⠈⠗⠽⠈⠞⠧⠅ ⠍⠈⠗⠽⠱⠙⠱⠎⠌ ⠃⠓⠻⠈⠯⠅⠍⠞ ⠍⠱⠝⠇ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠡⠇⠲ 

 (⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠈⠗⠞⠞⠄)

 

11. ⠍⠻⠹⠻⠇⠱ ⠂’ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞

 

⠅⠱⠍⠄⠈⠩⠧⠗⠎⠻⠊⠓ ⠙⠗⠘⠈⠬⠛⠱ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞ ⠧⠻⠈⠩⠧⠧⠻⠈⠙⠽⠱⠇⠽ ⠈⠙⠧⠱⠗⠱ ⠈⠞⠗⠅⠍⠱⠎⠻⠅⠻ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞ ⠏⠈⠞⠗⠻⠅⠱ ‘ ⠧⠻⠈⠩⠧⠍⠝⠻⠯⠱’ ⠝⠻⠅⠇⠅⠞ ⠡⠇⠲ 1975 ⠊. ⠎⠌ 1994 ⠊. ⠮⠗⠻ ⠊ ⠏⠈⠞⠗⠻⠅⠱ ⠈⠏⠗⠅⠱⠩⠻⠞ ⠓⠇⠜⠞ ⠗⠓⠇, ⠍⠂⠙⠱ 14 ⠧⠈⠗⠯⠎⠌ ⠳⠅⠗ ⠈⠏⠗⠅⠱⠩⠝ ⠃⠊⠙ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠓⠻⠈⠝⠙⠻⠍⠄ ⠍⠻⠹⠻⠇⠱⠅ ⠜⠞⠻⠓⠱⠎⠅ ⠐⠗⠞⠻⠗⠻⠈⠅⠞ ⠎⠱⠞ ⠨⠈⠼⠫⠍⠄ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻⠅ ⠏⠗⠈⠍⠏⠗⠱⠛⠞ ⠝⠱⠾⠅⠅ ( 1300 ⠊. ⠎⠌ 1900⠊. ⠮⠗⠻⠅ 16 ⠾⠱ ⠝⠱⠾⠅)⠈⠏⠗⠅⠱⠩⠝ ⠅⠳⠇ ⠛⠄⠇ ⠡⠇⠲ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻⠍⠄ ⠏⠊ ⠛⠇⠧⠻⠈⠝⠙ ⠴⠱ ⠇⠻⠨⠻⠞ ⠧⠱⠞⠱⠧⠗⠼ ⠝⠱⠾⠅⠅ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠱⠙ ⠈⠩⠗⠻ ⠏⠊ ⠩⠩⠻⠝⠱⠹ ⠴⠱ ⠅⠳⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻ ⠂’ ⠞⠅⠗⠱ ⠧⠻⠈⠩⠧⠧⠻⠈⠙⠽⠱⠇⠽ ⠈⠏⠗⠅⠱⠩⠻⠞ ⠅⠳⠇⠅⠲ ‘ ⠈⠎⠍⠍⠞⠻-⠎⠱⠓⠈⠎⠗⠻’ ⠚⠄ 20⠍ ⠩⠞⠱⠈⠃⠙⠻⠅ ⠧⠻⠈⠙⠧⠱⠈⠝-⠎⠱⠮⠅⠅ ⠚⠻⠧⠝ ⠏⠗ ⠂⠮⠱⠗⠻⠞ ⠈⠏⠗⠹⠍ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻ ⠍⠓⠱⠅⠱⠈⠧⠽ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠂’ ⠚⠅⠗ ⠗⠉⠽⠻⠞⠱ ⠈⠩⠗⠻ ⠃⠂⠈⠙⠮⠻⠮⠱⠗⠻ ⠎⠻⠊⠓’⠗⠍⠱⠅⠗’ ⠡⠹⠻ ⠅⠄⠗ ⠈⠏⠗⠅⠱⠩⠝ ⠎⠄⠓⠇ ⠧⠻⠈⠩⠧⠧⠻⠈⠙⠽⠱⠇⠽ ⠅⠳⠝⠄ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠗⠃⠏⠅ ⠎⠍⠂⠈⠉⠉⠽⠠ ⠝⠱⠍⠅ ⠏⠂⠈⠎⠞⠅⠍⠄ ⠉⠱⠗⠻ ⠛⠇⠾ ⠗⠃⠏⠅ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠳⠓⠻ ⠍⠄ ⠉⠱⠗⠻⠍ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞ ⠗⠃⠏⠅ ⠍.⠍.⠐⠗⠍⠗⠄⠈⠩⠧⠗ ⠅⠍⠞ ⠮⠃⠈⠗⠈⠞⠞⠧⠻⠫⠈⠍⠃⠝ ⠈⠏⠗⠓⠎⠝⠈⠍ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠱⠙⠅ ⠎⠊⠙⠄⠇ ⠛⠄⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠍.⠍. ⠘⠧⠝⠱⠹ ⠔⠏⠱⠈⠮⠽⠱⠽⠅ ⠗⠱⠚⠝⠻⠞⠻⠎⠱⠗⠠ ⠎⠄⠓⠇ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠱⠙⠅ ⠎⠊⠛ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠛⠄⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

 

⠎⠊⠈⠏⠗⠞⠻ ⠧⠻⠈⠩⠧⠧⠻⠈⠙⠽⠱⠇⠽⠅ ⠅⠱⠈⠗⠽ ⠎⠱⠇⠍⠄ ⠳⠅⠃⠄⠗ ⠏⠊⠉⠱⠬ ⠃⠝⠄⠃⠱ ⠮⠗⠻ ⠎⠻⠍⠻⠞ ⠃⠂⠴⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

 

12. ⠘⠱⠯⠱ ⠂’ ⠈⠏⠗⠉⠈⠙⠽⠇⠛⠻⠅⠻

⠙⠄⠧⠝⠱⠛⠗⠻ ⠇⠻⠨⠃⠱⠍⠄ ⠃⠗⠱⠓ ⠂⠜.⠳⠍.⠊. ⠅⠄⠗ ⠽⠇⠛⠙⠱⠝ ⠧⠻⠩⠻⠈⠯⠾ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠳⠓⠻⠍⠄ ⠎⠊⠈⠎⠅⠍⠞⠅ ⠔⠙⠱⠈⠞⠞ , ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠙⠱⠈⠞⠞ ⠂’ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠻⠞ ⠅⠄⠗ ⠎⠊⠛⠄ ⠃⠻⠅⠱⠗⠻, ⠙⠄⠧⠝⠱⠛⠗⠻ ⠐⠗⠊⠅ ⠂’ ⠎⠊⠛⠻⠞⠅ ⠝⠇⠾⠄⠩⠝ ⠇⠻⠨⠃⠱⠅ ⠎⠂⠧⠻⠮⠱ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠧⠻⠙⠄⠓⠅ ⠎⠊⠛⠻⠞ ⠩⠻⠈⠅⠯⠱ ⠈⠎⠞⠊⠘ ⠃⠻⠝⠱ ⠳⠅⠗ ⠎⠓⠽⠇⠛⠅ ⠎⠊⠘⠧ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠡⠇⠲ ⠍⠊⠈⠙⠗ ⠎⠈⠏⠞⠅, ⠞⠻⠈⠧⠗ ⠂’ ⠅⠇⠍⠇ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠅ ⠝⠇⠾⠄⠩⠝ ⠳⠓⠻⠍⠄ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠪,ॠ ⠂’  ऌ,ॡ ⠂’ ऍ, ऎ ⠐⠗, ~ ⠓⠇⠈⠝⠞⠅ ⠃⠱⠙ ⠐⠗⠐⠗⠗ ⠚⠇⠈⠫⠃⠱⠅ ⠎⠂⠧⠻⠮⠱ ⠳⠓⠻⠍⠄ ⠎⠂⠧⠻⠮⠱ ⠡⠅⠅⠲ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠙⠱⠈⠞⠞ ⠅॒ ⠔⠙⠱⠈⠞⠞ ⠅॑ ⠂’ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠻⠞ ⠅॓ ⠎⠄⠓⠇ ⠔⠏⠇⠈⠃⠮ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

⠊ ⠧⠻⠈⠎⠾⠱⠍⠄ ⠎⠄⠓⠇ ⠅⠱⠈⠗⠽ ⠅⠗⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠂’ ⠽⠃⠝⠻⠅⠇⠫ ⠖⠭⠊⠾⠍⠄ ⠗⠓⠃⠱⠅ ⠅⠱⠗⠼ ⠜⠊⠾⠗⠝⠄⠾ ⠏⠗ ⠏⠺⠝⠻⠽ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠧⠻⠙⠄⠓⠅ ⠎⠈⠍⠍⠂⠨ ⠏⠍⠈⠯⠺ ⠏⠗ ⠙⠄⠧⠝⠱⠛⠗⠻⠎⠌ ⠎⠊⠃⠊⠮⠻⠞ ⠞⠻⠝⠾⠱ ⠇⠻⠊⠅ ⠗⠱⠨⠇ ⠛⠄⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠏⠓⠻⠇ ⠙⠃ ⠾⠱ ⠇⠻⠊⠅ ⠏⠗ ⠚⠱⠝⠅⠱⠗⠻⠅ ⠎⠊⠛ ⠎⠭⠈⠖⠾⠧⠄⠽⠗ ⠫⠱⠔⠊⠇⠇⠫⠅ ⠇⠻⠊⠅ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠞⠄⠎⠗ ⠇⠻⠊⠅ ⠏⠗ ऑ⠝⠇⠱⠜⠝ ⠞⠱⠜⠏⠻⠊⠛⠅ ⠎⠂⠧⠻⠮⠱ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠳⠞⠽ ⠾⠱⠜⠏ ⠅’ ⠅⠽ ⠅⠭⠏⠻ ⠅⠽ ⠧⠈⠗⠫ ⠫⠇⠈⠅⠽⠂⠍⠄⠊⠾⠍⠄ ⠏⠄⠈⠎⠾ ⠅⠳ ⠎⠅⠅⠞ ⠡⠻ ⠅⠻⠊⠧⠱ ⠊⠍⠄⠇⠍⠄ ⠎⠇⠴⠄ ⠾⠱⠜⠏ ⠅⠄⠇⠱⠅ ⠃⠙⠇⠱ ⠳⠞⠽⠎⠌ ⠅⠭⠏⠻ ⠅⠽ ⠏⠄⠈⠎⠾ ⠅⠳ ⠎⠅⠅⠞ ⠡⠻⠲

(⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠈⠗⠞⠞⠄)

13. ⠗⠉⠝⠱ ⠇⠻⠨⠃⠱⠎⠌ ⠏⠓⠻⠝⠄...

⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻ ⠐⠗⠅⠱⠙⠍⠻, ⠏⠾⠝⠱ ⠈⠙⠧⠱⠗⠱ ⠝⠻⠈⠗⠮⠱⠗⠻⠞ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻ ⠇⠄⠨⠝-⠩⠅⠇⠻

1.  ⠚⠄ ⠩⠈⠃⠙ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻-⠎⠱⠓⠻⠈⠞⠽⠅ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠉⠻⠝ ⠅⠱⠇⠎⠌ ⠂⠜ ⠮⠗⠻ ⠚⠱⠓⠻ ⠧⠈⠗⠈⠞⠞⠝⠻⠍⠄ ⠈⠏⠗⠉⠇⠻⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠎⠄ ⠎⠱⠍⠱⠈⠝⠽⠞⠠ ⠞⠱⠓⠻ ⠧⠈⠗⠈⠞⠞⠝⠻⠍⠄ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽- ⠔⠙⠱⠓⠗⠼⠱⠈⠗⠹-

⠈⠛⠗⠱⠈⠓⠽                                                       ⠐⠗⠈⠛⠗⠱⠈⠓⠽                                  

⠳⠨⠝                              ⠐⠗⠨⠝,⠐⠗⠨⠝⠻,⠳⠨⠄⠝,⠐⠗⠨⠝⠻

⠺⠱⠍                               ⠺⠻⠍⠱,⠺⠻⠝⠱,⠺⠍⠱ ⠚⠅⠗,⠞⠅⠗                          ⠚⠄⠅⠗, ⠞⠄⠅⠗ ⠞⠝⠻⠅⠗                             ⠞⠻⠝⠅⠗⠲(⠧⠅⠅⠈⠇⠏⠻⠅ ⠗⠃⠏⠄⠌ ⠈⠛⠗⠱⠈⠓⠽) ⠐⠗⠡⠻                               ⠑⠡, ⠐⠗⠓⠻, ⠳⠲

2.  ⠝⠻⠈⠍⠝⠇⠻⠨⠻⠞ ⠞⠻⠝ ⠈⠏⠗⠅⠱⠗⠅ ⠗⠃⠏ ⠧⠅⠈⠅⠇⠏⠻⠅⠞⠽⠱ ⠐⠗⠏⠝⠱⠌⠇ ⠚⠱⠽: ⠘ ⠛⠄⠇, ⠘⠽ ⠛⠄⠇ ⠧⠱ ⠘⠳ ⠛⠄⠇⠲ ⠚⠱ ⠗⠓⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠚⠱⠽ ⠗⠓⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻, ⠚⠱⠳ ⠗⠓⠇ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠅⠗’ ⠛⠄⠇⠱⠓, ⠧⠱ ⠅⠗⠽ ⠛⠄⠇⠱⠓ ⠧⠱ ⠅⠗⠳ ⠛⠄⠇⠱⠓⠲

3.  ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠉⠻⠝ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻⠅ ‘⠈⠝⠓’ ⠈⠮⠧⠝⠻⠅ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝⠍⠄ ‘⠝’ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽ ⠎⠅⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠽⠹⠱ ⠅⠓⠇⠝⠻ ⠧⠱ ⠅⠓⠇⠈⠝⠓⠻⠲

4.  ‘⠑’ ⠞⠹⠱ ‘⠕’ ⠞⠞⠽ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽ ⠚⠞’ ⠈⠎⠏⠈⠯⠾⠞⠠ ‘⠐⠗⠜’ ⠞⠹⠱ ‘⠐⠗⠔’ ⠎⠙⠍⠩ ⠔⠈⠉⠉⠱⠗⠼ ⠜⠈⠯⠾ ⠓⠇⠲ ⠽⠹⠱- ⠙⠄⠨⠅⠞, ⠡⠇⠅⠅, ⠃⠉⠂, ⠡⠉⠅ ⠜⠈⠞⠽⠱⠙⠻⠲

5.  ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻⠅ ⠝⠻⠈⠍⠝⠇⠻⠨⠻⠞ ⠩⠈⠃⠙ ⠳⠓⠻ ⠗⠃⠏⠄ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠂⠈⠅⠞ ⠓⠇⠽⠞: ⠚⠅⠓,⠎⠅⠓,⠜⠳⠓,⠌⠑⠓,⠇⠅⠓ ⠞⠹⠱ ⠙⠅⠓⠲

6.  ⠈⠓⠈⠗⠈⠎⠧ ⠜⠅⠱⠗⠱⠊⠞ ⠩⠈⠃⠙⠍⠄ ‘⠜’ ⠅⠄ ⠇⠂⠈⠏⠞ ⠅⠗⠃ ⠎⠱⠍⠱⠈⠝⠽⠞⠠ ⠐⠗⠈⠛⠗⠱⠈⠓⠽ ⠹⠻⠅⠲ ⠽⠹⠱- ⠈⠛⠗⠱⠈⠓⠽ ⠙⠄⠨⠻ ⠂⠃⠓, ⠍⠱⠇⠻⠝⠻ ⠛⠄⠇⠻ (⠍⠝⠂⠈⠯⠽ ⠍⠱⠈⠞⠗⠍⠄)⠲

7.  ⠈⠎⠧⠞⠊⠈⠞⠗ ⠈⠓⠗⠈⠎⠧ ‘⠳’ ⠧⠱ ‘⠽’ ⠈⠏⠗⠱⠉⠻⠝ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇⠻⠅ ⠔⠈⠙⠮⠗⠼ ⠂⠙⠻⠍⠄ ⠞⠌ ⠽⠹⠱⠧⠞ ⠗⠱⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽, ⠅⠻⠊⠞⠂ ⠂⠮⠂⠝⠻⠅ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠇⠛⠍⠄ ⠧⠅⠅⠈⠇⠏⠻⠅ ⠗⠃⠏⠄⠌ ‘⠳’ ⠧⠱ ‘⠽’ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲ ⠽⠹⠱:- ⠅⠽⠇ ⠧⠱ ⠅⠳⠇, ⠐⠗⠳⠇⠱⠓ ⠧⠱ ⠐⠗⠽⠇⠱⠓, ⠚⠱⠳ ⠧⠱ ⠚⠱⠽ ⠜⠈⠞⠽⠱⠙⠻⠲

8.  ⠔⠈⠉⠉⠱⠗⠼⠍⠄ ⠙⠃ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠅ ⠃⠻⠉ ⠚⠄ ‘⠽’ ⠈⠮⠧⠝⠻ ⠈⠎⠧⠞⠠ ⠂⠃⠻ ⠚⠱⠜⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻ ⠞⠅⠗⠱ ⠇⠄⠨⠍⠄ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝ ⠧⠅⠅⠈⠇⠏⠻⠅ ⠗⠃⠏⠄⠌ ⠙⠄⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲ ⠽⠹⠱- ⠮⠻⠂, ⠐⠗⠐⠻⠅⠂, ⠧⠻⠂⠓, ⠅⠉⠂ ⠧⠱ ⠮⠻⠽⠱, ⠐⠗⠐⠻⠅⠽⠱, ⠃⠻⠽⠱⠓⠲

9.  ⠎⠱⠝⠂⠝⠱⠎⠻⠅ ⠈⠎⠧⠞⠊⠈⠞⠗ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠅ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝ ⠽⠹⠱⠎⠊⠘⠧ ‘⠒’ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽ ⠧⠱ ⠎⠱⠝⠂⠝⠱⠎⠻⠅ ⠈⠎⠧⠗⠲ ⠽⠹⠱:- ⠍⠅⠒⠱, ⠅⠝⠻⠒⠱, ⠅⠻⠗⠞⠝⠻⠒⠱ ⠧⠱ ⠍⠅⠂⠌, ⠅⠻⠝⠻⠂⠌, ⠅⠻⠗⠞⠝⠻⠂⠌⠲

10. ⠅⠱⠗⠅⠅ ⠧⠻⠘⠈⠅⠈⠞⠞⠻⠅ ⠝⠻⠈⠍⠝⠇⠻⠨⠻⠞ ⠗⠃⠏ ⠈⠛⠗⠱⠈⠓⠽:- ⠓⠱⠹⠅⠄⠌, ⠓⠱⠹⠎⠌, ⠓⠱⠹⠄⠌, ⠓⠱⠹⠅, ⠓⠱⠹⠍⠄⠲ ’⠍⠄’ ⠍⠄ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠈⠎⠧⠱⠗ ⠎⠈⠗⠧⠹⠱ ⠈⠞⠽⠱⠈⠚⠽ ⠹⠻⠅⠲ ‘⠅’ ⠅ ⠧⠅⠅⠈⠇⠏⠻⠅ ⠗⠃⠏ ‘⠅⠄⠗’ ⠗⠱⠨⠇ ⠚⠱ ⠎⠅⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

11. ⠏⠃⠈⠗⠧⠅⠱⠇⠻⠅ ⠈⠅⠗⠻⠽⠱⠏⠙⠅ ⠃⠱⠙ ‘⠅⠽’ ⠧⠱ ‘⠅⠳’ ⠐⠗⠈⠧⠽⠽ ⠧⠅⠅⠈⠇⠏⠻⠅ ⠗⠃⠏⠄⠌ ⠇⠛⠱⠌⠇ ⠚⠱ ⠎⠅⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠽⠹⠱:- ⠙⠄⠨⠻ ⠅⠽ ⠧⠱ ⠙⠄⠨⠻ ⠅⠽⠲

12. ⠍⠱⠌⠛, ⠘⠱⠌⠛ ⠂⠙⠻⠅ ⠈⠎⠹⠱⠝⠍⠄ ⠍⠱⠬, ⠘⠱⠬ ⠜⠈⠞⠽⠱⠙⠻ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲

13. ⠐⠗⠈⠗⠈⠙⠮ ‘⠝’ ⠌ ⠐⠗⠈⠗⠈⠙⠮ ‘⠍’ ⠅ ⠃⠙⠇⠱ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠎⠱⠗ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽, ⠅⠻⠊⠞⠂ ⠡⠱⠏⠱⠅ ⠎⠂⠧⠻⠮⠱⠈⠗⠹ ⠐⠗⠈⠗⠈⠙⠮ ‘⠬’ , ‘⠒’, ⠞⠹⠱ ‘⠼’ ⠅ ⠃⠙⠇⠱ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠈⠎⠧⠱⠗⠇ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱ ⠎⠅⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲ ⠽⠹⠱:- ⠐⠗⠈⠬⠅, ⠧⠱ ⠐⠗⠊⠅, ⠐⠗⠈⠒⠉⠇ ⠧⠱ ⠐⠗⠊⠉⠇, ⠅⠈⠼⠫ ⠧⠱ ⠅⠊⠺⠲

14. ⠓⠇⠊⠞ ⠉⠻⠈⠓⠝ ⠝⠻⠽⠍⠞⠠ ⠇⠛⠱⠌⠇ ⠚⠱⠽, ⠅⠻⠊⠞⠂ ⠧⠻⠘⠈⠅⠞⠻⠅ ⠎⠊⠛ ⠐⠗⠅⠱⠗⠱⠊⠞ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠇⠛ ⠅⠳⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲ ⠽⠹⠱:- ⠈⠩⠗⠻⠍⠱⠈⠝, ⠅⠻⠊⠞⠂ ⠈⠩⠗⠻⠍⠱⠝⠅⠲

15. ⠎⠘ ⠳⠅⠇ ⠅⠱⠗⠅ ⠉⠻⠈⠓⠝ ⠩⠈⠃⠙⠍⠄ ⠎⠾⠱ ⠅’ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽, ⠓⠾⠱ ⠅’ ⠝⠓⠻ ⠎⠊⠽⠂⠈⠅⠞ ⠧⠻⠘⠈⠅⠞⠻⠅ ⠓⠄⠞⠂ ⠖⠗⠱⠅ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽, ⠽⠹⠱ ⠣⠗ ⠏⠗⠅⠲

16. ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠝⠱⠎⠻⠅⠅⠄⠌ ⠉⠈⠝⠈⠙⠗⠃⠻⠈⠝⠙⠂ ⠈⠙⠧⠱⠗⠱ ⠈⠧⠽⠈⠅⠞ ⠅⠽⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲ ⠏⠗⠊⠞⠂ ⠍⠂⠈⠙⠗⠼⠅ ⠎⠂⠧⠻⠮⠱⠈⠗⠹ ⠓⠻ ⠎⠍⠱⠝ ⠚⠾⠻⠇ ⠍⠱⠈⠞⠗⠱ ⠏⠗ ⠐⠗⠝⠂⠈⠎⠧⠱⠗⠅ ⠈⠏⠗⠽⠇⠛ ⠉⠈⠝⠈⠙⠗⠃⠻⠈⠝⠙⠂⠅ ⠃⠙⠇⠱ ⠅⠽⠇ ⠚⠱ ⠎⠅⠅⠞ ⠐⠗⠡⠻⠲

17. ⠏⠃⠈⠗⠼ ⠧⠻⠗⠱⠍ ⠏⠱⠎⠻⠎⠌ ( ⠲ ) ⠎⠃⠉⠻⠞ ⠅⠽⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲

18. ⠎⠍⠈⠎⠞ ⠏⠙ ⠎⠾⠱ ⠅’ ⠇⠻⠨⠇ ⠚⠱⠽, ⠧⠱ ⠓⠱⠜⠖⠄⠝⠎⠌ ⠚⠇ड़⠻ ⠅’ , ⠓⠾⠱ ⠅’ ⠝⠓⠻⠲

19. ⠇⠻⠐⠗ ⠞⠹⠱ ⠙⠻⠐⠗ ⠩⠈⠃⠙⠍⠄ ⠃⠻⠅⠱⠗⠻ (⠁) ⠝⠓⠻ ⠇⠛⠱⠌⠇ ⠚⠱⠽⠲

( ⠓./ ⠛⠇⠧⠻⠈⠝⠙ ⠴⠱/11.08.76  ⠈⠩⠗⠻⠅⠱⠊⠞ ⠺⠱⠅⠂⠗ 11.08.76  ⠎⠂⠗⠄⠈⠝⠈⠙⠗ ⠴⠱ ‘⠎⠂⠍⠝’ 11.08.76 

 (⠐⠗⠝⠂⠧⠈⠗⠞⠞⠄)

14. ⠈⠏⠗⠧⠱⠎⠻ ⠍⠅⠹⠻⠇ English ⠍⠄

King Videha of Mithila had his counsellor Mahosadha.Mithila was invaded by Sudhanvan, king of Sankaiya, and much later by Chulani Brahmadatta and Kewatta, king of Kampila both were defeated by Siradhvaja and Videha, respectively. Jataka story of king Videha and Mahosadha,commander. Secret service reported daily ,employed a hundred and one soldiers in as many cities,employed parrots also, great rampart,watchtowers, and between the watctowers,three moats, water,mud and a dry moat. In city old houses were restored and large banks were dug made warter-reservoirs and grain store-houses. The siege of Mithila and the great tunnel have been described in the Jataka.The weapons included,red-hot missiles,javelins,arrows,spears and lances,and showers of mud and stone. The society consisted of Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas. Sirivaddha, father of Mahosadha was an important merchant of Mithila. The Chandala is also referred.A hawk carried off a piece of flesh from the slab of a slau¬ghter-house. A dog fed upon the bones, skins of the royal kitchen. There was a type of education and later Videha students went to Takshsila for education,e.g.Pintguttara. Kahoda Kaushitaki was married to the daughter of his teacher Uddalaka Aruni. Suka visited Mithila to acquire wisdom. Srutadeva was a great scholar of pre-Bharata era. Agriculture and Cattle-rearing was in vogue and Yajur-Veda mentions famous cows of Videha.King Vedeha gave a thousand cows and a bull to Mahasodha. There was a place where foreign merchants showed their goods. Goods from Magadha and Kasi were imported. The conches of Magadha,Kasi-robe and Sindh mares were famous.Krishna visited Mithila to see his devotees Srutadeva and Bahulashva.The Mahabharata says that shaligrama is another name of Vishnu, Shaligrama worship begun. Janakpur had four gates were four market towns distinguished as eastern, southern, western and northern. There was a revival of Mithila after Bharata war which lasted for more than two centuries and in this period the famous sages of the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the Upanishads flour¬ished. Vaishali lost its significance. After Bharata War period the Puranas furnish genealo¬gies of Pauravas(Hastinapura-Kosambi), the Ikshvakus (Kosala) and the Barhadrathas (Mag adha).The names of the kings of Videha ia available in the Jatakas.The Upanishads mention one ruler known as Janaka Videha.Videha has been omitted in the sixteen Mahajanapada available in the Buddhist work Aiguttara-Nikaya where we have Vajji.Karala Janaka perished along with his king-dom and relations. Kasi was conquered by Kosala and Anga by Magadha. The Vajji established their republic before the Kosala conquest of Kasi and the Magadh conquest of Anga.Mall, the penultimate sovereign of the Janaka dynasty of Videha, adopted the faith of the Jaina Parsva, the first historical Jaina 250 years before Mahavira(561BC-490BC).Between Bharat war circa.950 BC and Karala Janaka circa 725 B.c Videha monarchy flourished.

Suruchi group consisting of Suruchi I, Suruchi II  Suruchi III and Mahapadmanada.

Janaka  group  consisting of Mahajanaka I, Arittha¬janaka, Polajahak, Mahajanaka II and Dighavu.Then a group of two kings Sadhina and Narada and then Nimi and Karala(father and son).Makhadeva is regarded as the founder of Mithila monarchy.

Angatis was righteous king,had a daughter named Raja. His ministers were Vijaya, Sunama and Alata. Narada set him to right path after the influence he got from the heretical teachings of a naked Guna Kassapa. Purana Kassapa and  Maskari Gosala were the contemporaries of Buddha, thus, Guna Kassapa flourished round 6th century B.C. Chulani Brahmadatta of Kampilya conquered 101 princes of India and only Videha had been left. There is reference that Gandhara king and the Videha king  met and mystic meditation was taught to Videha King by Gandhara king.There were land owners and Alaras is mentioned in this regard.The Vedic texts mention Uddalaka and Svetaketu as belonging to the age of Janaka of Videha. The Jatakas mention these two scholars connected with Banaras.For MahapanadaVisvakarman, engineer, constructed a palace seven storeys high with precious stones. Mahajanaka II was brought up by his mother in the house of a Brahmana teacher at Kalachampa and after finishing his education at16 sailed for Suvarnabhumi on a commercial enterprise, in order to get mone to recover the kingdom of Videha. The ship perished in the middle of the ocean. He managed to reach Mithila, where the throne had been lying vacant since the death of Polajanak, his uncle, who had left a marriageable daughter Sivalidevi and no son. Mahajanaka II was now married to this princess and raised to the throne. He later  renounced the world. A remarkable feature of the character of Mahajanaka II was his spirit of renunciation. He gives utterance to a famous verse :¬ ‘We have nothing own may live without a care Mithila palaces may burn,nothing mine is burned . Mahajanaka-Jataka is sculptured on a railing of the Bharhut Stupa having  inscription : The arrowmaker, King Janaka, Queen Sivali.Nimi and Kalara are men¬tioned in Buddhist,Brahmanical and Jaina literature. Ugrasena Janaka revived the greatness of Mithila. Ashtavakra  sais as all other mountains are inferior to the Mainaka, as calves are inferior to the ox, so kings of the earth inferior to the king of Mithila (Ugrasena). He is called Janakana varishtha Samrat(Mahabharata),great performer of sacrifices and is compared with Yayati. In one such Yagya Ashtavakra, son of Kahoda and Sujata (daughter of Uddalaka), attended and Ashtavakra defeated Vandin, son of a charioteer and got released his son.Paurava prince, Satanika, the son of Janamejaya, was a Vaidehi. Sathnika married the daughter of Ugrasena Janaka who sought to enhance his influence by means of this matrimonial alliance. Devarata II was contemporary of  Yajnavalkya, who took the management of the royal sacrifice where  a quarrel arose between Yajnavalkya and his maternal uncle Vaisampayana as to who should be allowed to take the sacrificial fee and in presence of Devala, Devarata, Sumanta, Paila and Jaimini Yajnavalkya took half of that.  Devarata I obtained the famous bow of Siva. The Vedic texts mention  five Videha kings,Videgha Mathava, Janaka Vaideha, Janaki Ayasthuna,  Nami Sepya and Para Ahlara. Janak Ayasthuna in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is said to be  pupil of Chuda Bhagavitti and a teacher of Satyakama Jabala. Satyakama Jabala is contemporary of Janaka Vaideha and Yajnavalkya. Ayasthuna was a Grihapati of those whose Adhvaryu was Saulvayana and taught the latter the proper mode of using certain spoons. Sayana Ayasthuna is the name of a Rishi. Jatak mentions a city named Thuna between Mithila and the Himalayas,  a favourite resort of Ayasthuna. Janakpur corres-ponds exactly with the position assigned by Hiuen Tsang the capital of Vaji. Janaka Vaideha is Kriti Janaka, son of Bahulasva  and was contemporary of Janamejaya Parikshita and his son Satanika. Yajnavalkya and Kritis were the disciples of Hiranyanabha Kausalya. Uddalaka Aruni was approached by Janamejaya Parikshita to become his priest. Uttanka instigated Janamejaya to exter¬minate the non-Aryan Sarpas by burning them in a sacrifice.Uddalaka Aruni with his son Svetaketu attended the Sarpa satra of Janamejaya. Yajnavalkya taught the Vedas to Satanika, the son and successor of Janamejaya.Kriti, the disciple of Hiranyanabha, was the son of a king. Janaka Videha was a contemporary of Uddalaka Aruni,Yajna¬valkya, Ushasti Chakrayana. Janaka Vaideha brought  centre of political and intellectual gravity from the Kuru country to Videha.The royal seat of the main branch of the Kuru or Bharata dynasty shifted to Kausambi. Aitareya Brahman says that  all kings of the are called Samrat. Satapatha¬ Brahman says that the Samrat was a higher authority than a Rajan as by the Rajasuya he becomes Raja and by  Vajapeya he becomes Samrat.

The Kuru ¬Panchalas were called Rajan. Janaka Vaideha’s was a master of Agnihotra  sacrifice. Yajnavalkya learnt the Agnihotra from this king. Yajnavalkya Vajasaneya, who was a pupil of Uddalaka Aruni.

 

 

⠎⠻⠈⠙⠮⠻⠗⠈⠎⠞⠂

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